a) C6(H20)6
c) No. Glucose and Galactose are isomers of fructose but all have different sweetness levels as they have different properties.

1. Even water is a chemical substance which means it is definitely impossible to have a chemical free diet, and also not all chemicals are bad for the body.

Because Styrofoam consists mainly of air, when it is dissolved in the acetone, the air inside is released and once the acetone is allowed to evaporate, what remains is product with greater density.

a) LDPE cannot be used as it does not have the required strength and can tear easily.
b) HDPE molecules are lined up and arranged in a way which provides sufficient strength and flexibility.

When plastic is stretched, the molecules become aligned parallel to each other in the direction of the pull. However, this alteration is irreversible and if pulling is prolonged, the plastic will break. When paper is pulled, instead of stretching, it tears. This is due to the cellulose molecules in the paper being held more rigidly in place and are not free to become aligned.

a)
i. stable over time of intended use
ii. non toxic
iii. lack of solubility in bodily fluids
iv. lack of reactivity in bodily fluids

b) Contact lenses are made of PMMA, rigid gas permeable lenses, and Polymacon, are used in soft lenses. Desirable properties of these materials include non toxic, permeable to oxygen, comfortable to wear and inexpensive.

c) Hard lenses use PMMA, while soft lenses use silicone. Soft lenses are more flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eyes, making it more flexible and easier to wear.

Two ways
-differ in the no of neutrons (isotopes)
-differ in the no of electrons

Three ways
-proton number
-electron number
-neutron number

14N have one less neutron than 15N. They are isotopes of Nitrogen

A) 94 protons
B) Neptunium (93), Plutonium (94)
C) 86 protons

Fuel rods – E
Cooling water into the core – D
Cooling water out of the core – B
Control rod assembly – A
Control rods – C

1) Expensive, high cost
2) Not an efficient process, low output yield
3) Desalination has saline, brine by-products which must be disposed off properly

Fat-soluble vitamins would be hydrophobic, and unable to dissolve in water, hence it is non-polar. Anything that is of non-polar nature will be dissolved by non-polar solvents.

Water-soluble vitamins dissolves in water, and would be polar since “like dissolves like”.

a) Less electricity and power consumed, so less SO2 produced, causing less acid rain.
b) Less NO2 omission from vehicles, thus less acid rain.
c) Avoiding small loads is a more efficient use of electricity, less SO2 produced as compared to multiple loads.
d) Reduction of energy wastage for example, in heat escaping.
e) Minimal energy used to obtain same item, as compared to the transportation, packing etc. from distant countries

a) Sulfate particles produced from coal-fired electric utility plants, when in humid environments, are effective in scattering light. Thus, reducing visibility.

b) Estimated pH value of 4-5.

a) Exothermic – Heat is released
b) Endothermic – Heat it absorbed
c) Endothermic – Heat is absorbed

Reactant have weaker bonds thus less energy is required to react. Product have stronger bonds, therefore gives large amount of energy.

Heat is the total energy of an object while temperature is the average energy for each particle in that object.
Example 1: An iceberg has more heat energy than a cup of boiling water since there are more particles in an iceberg.
Example 2: Temperature of a small cup of water can be the same as he temperature of a large tub of water but the large tub of water contains more molecules thus have more heat energy.

a)Knocking characteristics of 98% isooctane and 2% heptane
b)Not enough information about it.