All Publications

Parenting and Family Processes
Gender and Racial Equity
Social and Cognitive Development

2025

📙Kyeong, Y., Yu, M., Tiemeier, H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Setoh, P. (2025). Filial Piety Across Sociocultural Context and the Life Span. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 09637214241312630.

2024

📙Koyama, Y., Tiemeier, H., Huang, P., Chan, S. Y., Sudo, M., Kyeong, Y., … & Tan, A. P. (2024). Harsh parenting, amygdala functional connectivity changes across childhood, and behavioral problems. Psychological Medicine, 54(14), 3809-3820.

📙Tan, S. Y. X., Chia, A., Tai, B. C., Toh, J. Y., Colega, M., Padmapriya, N., Setoh, P., … & Chong, M. F. F. (2024). Correlates of lifestyle patterns among children in Singapore aged 10 years: the growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes (GUSTO) study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2147.

📙Low, P. H. X., Kyeong, Y., & Setoh, P. (2024). Parenting by lying and children’s lying to parents: The moderating role of children’s beliefs. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 240, 105837.

📙Setoh, P., Low, P. H. X., Heyman, G. D., & Lee, K. (2024). Parenting by lying. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 33(1), 51-57. 

📙Sudo, M., Low, P. H. X., Kyeong, Y., Meaney, M. J., Kee, M. Z. L., Chen, H., Broekman, B. F. P., Nadarajan, R., Rifkin-Graboi, A., TIemeier, H., & Setoh, P. (2024). Grandparents’ and domestic helpers’ childcare support: Implications for well-being in Asian families. Journal of Marriage and Family. Advance online publication.

2023

📙Sudo, M., Won, Y. Q., Chau, W. W., Meaney, M. J., Kee, M. Z., Chen, H., … & Setoh, P. (2023). Physical discipline as a normative childhood experience in Singapore. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1), 1-17.

📙Setoh, P., Sudo, M., Quinn, P. C., & Lee, K. (2023). Does extended experience with other-race nannies predict racial bias in the preschool years?. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 235.

2022

📙Neoh, M.J.Y., Teng, J.H., Setoh, P. & Esposito, G. (2022). Perceptions of sexism interact with perceived criticism on women’s response to sexist remarks in different relationship types. Scientific Reports, 13, 18393.

📙Lai, J., Pham, P. T., Bate, J., Prout, T. A., Carollo, A., Setoh, P., … & Borelli, J. L. (2022). Being a Parent during COVID-19: Risk for Psychological Distress in the United States and Italy. Social Sciences, 11(4), 173.

📙Raghunath, B. L., Sng, K. H. L., Chen, S. H., Vijayaragavan, V., Gulyás, B., Setoh, P., & Esposito, G. (2022). Stronger brain activation for own baby but similar activation toward babies of own and different ethnicities in parents living in a multicultural environment. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-13.

📙Zhao, S., Setoh, P., Storage, D., & Cimpian, A. (2022). The Acquisition of the Gender-Brilliance Stereotype: Age Trajectory, Relation to Parents’ Stereotypes, and Intersections with Race/Ethnicity. Child Development.

2020

📙Setoh, P., Santos, R., Zhang, L., Zhao, S., Heyman, G. & Lee, K. (2020). Religious parents lie less to their children. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.

📙Raghunath, B., Azhari, A., Bornstein, M. H., Setoh, P., & Esposito, G. (2020). Experimental manipulation of maternal proximity during short sequences of sleep and infant calming responses. Infant Behavior and Development, 59, 101426.

📙Setoh, P., Scott, R. M., & Baillargeon, R. (2020). Reply to Fenici and Garofoli: Why Would Toddlers Act on Low-Level Associations Only when Processing Demands Are Reduced? Human Development, 1–3.

📙Lee, K. J., & Setoh, P. (2022). Early prosociality is conditional on opportunity cost and familiarity with the target. Evolution and Human Behavior.

📙Scott, R. M., Roby, E., & Setoh, P. (2020). 2.5-year-olds succeed in identity and location elicited-response false-belief tasks with adequate response practice. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198, 104890

2019

📙Setoh, P., Zhao, S., Santos, R., Heyman, G. D., & Lee, K. (2019). Parenting by lying in childhood is associated with negative developmental outcomes in adulthood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.

📙Setoh, P., Zhao, S., Santos, R., Heyman, G. D., & Lee, K. (2019). Dataset on childhood exposure to parenting by lying and its associations with adulthood psychosocial outcomes in a Singapore sample Data in Brief, 26, 104472.

📙Azhari, A., Leck, W. Q., Gabrieli, G., Bizzego, A., Rigo, P., Setoh, P., … & Esposito, G. (2019). Parenting Stress Undermines Mother-Child Brain-to-Brain Synchrony: A Hyperscanning Study. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-9.

📙Setoh, P., & Esposito, G. (2019). What men do when a baby cries: Increasing testosterone may lead to less nurturant care but more environmental vigilance. Parenting, 19(1-2), 62-64.

📙Setoh, P., Lee, K. J., Zhang, L., Qian, M. K., Quinn, P. C., Heyman, G. D., & Lee, K. (2019). Racial categorization predicts implicit racial bias in preschool children. Child Development, 90(1), 162-179.

Setoh, P., Zhao, S., Storage, D., & Cimpian, A. (2019). Singaporean children’s implicit ethnic stereotypes about intelligence. Paper presented at 2019 Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, 21-23 March 2019, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Boston, J., Lei, R., Chestnut, E., Vraneski-Shachna, R., Setoh, P., Zhao, S., Storage, D., & Cimpian, A. (2019). The acquisition of gender stereotypes about brilliance: A cross-cultural and intersectional perspective. Paper presented at 2019 Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, 21-23 March 2019, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Cimpian, A., Boston, J., Lei, R., & Setoh, P. (2019). The early development of gender stereotypes about intellectual ability: An intersectional and cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at 2019 Society for Personality and Social Psychology’s Annual Convention, 7-9 February 2019, Portland, Oregon, USA.

2018

📙Lee, K. J. J., Esposito, G., & Setoh, P. (2018). Preschoolers Favor Their Ingroup When Resources Are Limited. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.

Setoh, P., & Cheng, M. (2018). Fostering character strengths and its influence on prosocial behaviors. Poster presented at Promoting Character Development Among Diverse Children and Adolescents, Society for Research in Child Development Special Topics Conference, 18-20 October 2018, Philadelphia, USA.

📙Truzzi, A., Poquérusse, J., Setoh, P., Shinohara, K., Bornstein, M. H., & Esposito, G. (2018). Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms (rs53576) and early paternal care sensitize males to distressing female vocalizations. Developmental Psychobiology, 60(3), 333-339

2017

📙Esposito, G., Truzzi, A., Setoh, P., Putnick, D. L., Shinohara, K., & Bornstein, M. H. (2017). Genetic predispositions and parental bonding interact to shape adults’ physiological responses to social distress. Behavioral Brain Research, 325(B), 156-162

📙Truzzi, A., Bornstein, M. H., Senese, V. P., Shinohara, K. Setoh, P., & Esposito, G. (2017). Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and early parent-infant interactions are related to adult male heart rate response to female crying. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(2017), 111.

📙Esposito, G., Setoh, P., Shinohara, K., Bornstein, M. H. (2017). The development of attachment: Integrating genes, brain, behavior, and environment. Behavioural Brain Research, 325(B), 87-89.

📙Scott, R. M., Setoh, P., & Baillargeon, R. (2017). Reply to Rubio-Fernández et al.: Different traditional false-belief tasks impose different processing demands for toddlers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(19), E3751-E3752.

Setoh, P., Ting, F., & Baillargeon, R. (2017). 2.5-year-old toddlers understand social pretense in ingroup life. Poster presented at the 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, 6-8 April 2017, Austin, Texas.

Lee, K. J. J., & Setoh, P. (2017). Preschoolers selectively enforce conventional and moral norms in an intergroup resource distribution task. Poster presented at the 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, 6-8 April 2017, Austin, Texas.

Lee, K. J. J., & Setoh, P. (2017). Fairness and group loyalty in resource distribution among Singaporean preschoolers. Poster presented at the 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, 6-8 April 2017, Austin, Texas.

Zhang, L., & Setoh, P. (2017). Infants’ expectations about authority figures. Poster presented at the 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, 6-8 April 2017, Austin, Texas.

2010 – 2016

📙Setoh, P., Scott, R. M., & Baillargeon, R. (2016). Two-and-a-half-year-olds succeed at a traditional false-belief task with reduced processing demands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(47), 13360-13365.

📙Dalsant, A., Truzzi, A., Setoh, P., & Esposito, G. (2015). Maternal bonding in childhood moderates autonomic responses to distress stimuli in adult males. Behavioural Brain Research, 292(2015), 428-431.

📙Esposito, G., Setoh, P., & Bornstein, M. H. (2015). Beyond practices and values: Toward a Physio-BioEcological analysis of sleeping arrangements in early infancy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 264.

📙Esposito, G., Setoh, P., Yoshida, S., & Kuroda, K. O. (2015). The calming effect of maternal carrying in different mammalian species. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 445.

📙Setoh, P., Qin, L., Zhang, X., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2015). The Social Self in Early Adolescence: Two Longitudinal Investigations in the United States and China. Developmental Psychology, 51(7), 949.

📙Zhang, X., Pomerantz, E. M., Setoh, P., Qu, Y., & Wang, M. (2015). The Role of Affect in the Positive Self: Two Longitudinal Investigations of Young Adolescents in the United States and China. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(1), 83.

📙Baillargeon, R., Scott, R. M., He, Z., Sloane, S., Setoh, P., Jin, K., Wu, D., & Bian, L. (2015). Psychological and sociomoral reasoning in infancy. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver (Eds.), E. Borgida, & J. A. Bargh (Assoc. Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology: vol. 1. attitudes and social cognition (pp. 79-150). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

📙Baillargeon, R., Setoh, P., Sloane, S., Jin, K., & Bian, L. (2014). Infant social cognition: Psychological and sociomoral reasoning. In M. S. Gazzaniga & G. R. Mangun (Eds.-in-chief), The cognitive neurosciences (5th ed., pp. 7-14). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

📙Barrett, H., Broesch, T., Scott, R. M., He, Z., Baillargeon, R., Wu, D., Bolz, M., Henrich, J., Setoh, P., Wang, J., & Laurence, S. (2013). Early false-belief understanding in traditional non-Western societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1755), 20122654.

📙Setoh, P., Wu, D., Baillargeon, R., & Gelman, R. (2013). Young infants have biological expectations about animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(40), 15937-15942.

📙Baillargeon, R., He Z., Setoh P., Scott R. M., Sloane S., & Yang Y., (2013). False-belief understanding and why it matters: The social-acting hypothesis. In M. R. Banaji & S. Gelman (Eds.), Navigating the social world: what infants, children, and other species can teach us (pp. 88-95). New York: Oxford Press.

📙Baillargeon, R., Stavans, M., Wu, D., Gertner, Y., Setoh, P., Kittredge, A. K., Bernard, A. (2012). Object individuation and physical reasoning in infancy: An integrative account. Language Learning and Development, 8(1), 4-46.

Setoh, P., & Baillargeon, R. (2010, March). Infants generalize food preferences across novel animals based on shape. Paper presented at the Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.