References

All credits given to these sources:

Newspaper Articles:

Boh, S. (2015, February 10). Why is littering still a problem in Singapore?. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/why-is-littering-still-a-problem-in-singapore

Chang, R. (2015, February 16). Liak Teng Lit: 5 million people, 70,000 cleaners…that’s ridiculous!. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/liak-teng-lit-5-million-people-70000-cleanersthats-ridiculous

Choo, R. (2015, January 22). S$19,800 fine, CWO for high-rise littering. Today Online. Retrieved from http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/s19800-fine-cwo-high-rise-littering

Feng Z. K. (2015, February 10). Rubbish woes persist, but experts say Singapore’s ‘clean city’ image can be reclaimed. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/rubbish-woes-persist-but-experts-say-singapores-clean-city-image-can-be

Hoe, P. S. (2014, June 8). Woman hit by bike wheel ‘flung from 14th floor’ dies. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/woman-hit-by-bike-wheel-flung-from-14th-floor-dies

Khew, C. (2015, February 10). Current measures against littering in Singapore. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/current-measures-against-littering-in-singapore

Liang, A. (2010, June 18). Blocked drain caused Orchard Road flood. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20100618-222731.html

NEA steps up enforcement against littering offenders. (2014, April 12). Today Online. Retrieved from http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/nea-steps-enforcement-against-littering-offenders

Ng, A. (2017, March 8). Efforts to stem dirty habit lead to dip in high-rise littering. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/efforts-to-stem-dirty-habit-lead-to-dip-in-high-rise-littering

Revermann, S (n.d.). How does littering affect the environment. Education – Seattle pi, Retrieved from http://education.seattlepi.com/littering-affect-environment-6802.html

Tai, J. C. (2017, February 22). Beach Litter also swept in from offshore. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/beach-litter-also-swept-in-from-offshore

Tan, A. (2014, April 15). Anti-litter blitz at 30 hot spots. Asiaone, Retrieved from http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/anti-litter-blitz-30-hot-spots?page=0%2C0

Tan, A. (2015, February 10). What more can be done to keep littering at bay?. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/what-more-can-be-done-to-keep-littering-at-bay

Tan, A. (2017, March 17). Plastic cups found in the gut of sperm whale. The Straits Times, Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/plastic-cups-found-in-the-gut-of-sperm-whale


Websites:

Andrews, G. (n.d.). Plastics in the Ocean Affecting Human Health. Teach The Earth. Retrieved from http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/plastics.html

Cigarette Butt Litter: The Fact. (2015, January). River Keepers. http://www.riverkeepers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cigarette_Fact_Sheet_3-1_Jessica.pdf


Journal Articles:

National Environmental Agency. (2011). Towards a Cleaner Singapore: A sociological study on littering in Singapore. Singapore, Singapore: Author. Retrieved from http://www.publichygienecouncil.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/towards-a-cleaner-singapore-(final).pdf?sfvrsn=2

Rath, J. M., Rubenstein, R. A., Curry, L. E., Shank, S. E., & Cartwright, J. C. (2012). Cigarette Litter: Smokers’ Attitudes and Behaviors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health9(6), 2189–2203. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9062189

Robinson, S. N. (1976). Littering Behavior in Public Places. Environment and Behavior, 8(3), 363-384. doi:10.1177/136327527600800303

Slaughter E, Gersberg RM, Watanabe K, et al. (2011) Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish Tobacco Control;  20: i25-i29


Images:

Asia One. (2012, February 21). Retrieved from http://www.asiaone.com/A1MEDIA/news/02Feb12/images/20120221.091018_cleaner.jpg

Asia One. (2014, March). Retrieved from http://news.asiaone.com/sites/default/files/styles/w400/public/original_images/Mar2014/20140311_nea_nea-logo.jpg?itok=6jL5LZsZ

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H67iKh65Oc4/U8fMq26PCGI/AAAAAAAAXnI/h74uMhvbsAc/s1600/ST+Yong+Yoke+Keng+photo+-Pasir+Ris+Park.jpg

http://binscorner.com/mails/6/6-ways-to-be-a-wise-person/30074205_images_xlarge.jpeg

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/02/11/09/12/family-2057307_960_720.png

http://dciwebsite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/island-paradise-1920×1080-wallpaper-7260-1920×500.jpg

http://www.deloupe.com/medias/plein-ecran/equipements/ent-mat-residus.jpg

http://www.ecovisionltd.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2-1920×500.jpg

http://i.imgur.com/rKpPCoc.jpg

http://www.sec.org.sg/earthhelper/images/logo_new.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Mother_and_baby_sperm_whale.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/American_cockroach_8-15-2009.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Mosquito-feeding.jpg

http://www.washingtoncountybeekeepersassociation.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Slideshow-image-SVD_1-1920×500.jpg

National Environmental Agency. http://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/energy-waste/recycling-labels.jpg?sfvrsn=2

National Environmental Agency. http://www.nea.gov.sg/images/default-source/events-progs/campaigns/cgs-logo-lock-up_29-sep_final.jpg?sfvrsn=0.5495081751093709

Public Hygiene Council. https://www.publichygienecouncil.sg/images/default-source/splash-banner/banner1-1.jpg?sfvrsn=0

The Straits Times. (2017, March 8). Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/sites/default/files/attachments/2017/03/08/ST_20170308_ANLITTER08_2990562.pdf

Today Online. Retrieved from http://www.todayonline.com/sites/default/files/styles/photo_gallery_image_lightbox/public/21757288.JPG?itok=n_g5Bgf4

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* Some images are credited directly or with mouse-over crediting. Photos not credited are taken by myself.