A top-down food production and supply system is made up of  farms, manufactures, processing industries, distributors, retailers to household consumption. But even so, food wastage in developing and developed countries occurs at different stages, with the former seeing to more food waste in the initial production stages (farms, manufacturing and processing industries) and the latter more commonly associated with the second stage of food supply (distribution, retailers and household consumption).

With limited land available for mass production of food in Singapore, the food supply chain has an impact one way or another. In this section, we will explore the 4 major areas that contributes to food waste – 1) Production, Handling and Storage, 2) Processing, 3) Distribution and 4) Household Consumption.