The theory we used to arrive at our equations is the hue saturation value colour principle. As shown in the HSV cylinder geometry, the hue is an angular dimension ranging from 0 to 360 that represents every colour in the spectrum, which can be achieved using our three base colours.

The saturation ranges from 0, which is white, to 100, where the colour is most saturated. Hence, saturation (S) is varied by changing the ratio of white paint used. The same applies for Value (V), where 0 is black, which is varied by changing the ratio of black paint used.