To remove impurities from water, water purification is required. Through our research we found out that there are 2 ways of doing so: Distillation and Reverse Osmosis. Both ways produce pure water – however, through further research it was proven that freezing technique is more important than using pure/distilled water. Preliminary experiments by Alcademics that compared use of tap water and boiled water, and tap and distilled water to make clear ice showed that all types of water will form cloudy ice. This is because while dissolved air is removed from the water during boiling, when it cools down, air will still dissolve in it.

Hence, we will be primarily focusing on the automation of the technique of directional freezing, and constructing a suitable freezer that is ideal for making clear ice. We will also freeze the water in layers to slow down the freezing process, such that ice crystals produced are bigger, reducing the surface area for potential light scattering and increasing the transparency of the ice produced.