Science of Reading

Reading is a multisensory task that requires the integration of visual and audio stimuli, namely printed letters and speech sounds, respectively. According to the ‘Dual-Route Model of Reading’, reading can be achieved by either the lexical route or the sublexical route (Coltheart et al., 1993). The lexical route allows us to map a word’s orthographic structure (for instance a string of letters) onto its pronunciation directly, while the sublexical route allows us to pronounce words by breaking down the word’s…

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What is MRI? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe and non-invasive scanning procedure that is commonly used for medical and research purposes. The MRI scanner is like a very motion-sensitive camera that can take pictures of our body, including our brain! MRI is unlike other neuroimaging techniques, such as X-rays and CT scans, that use radiation to obtain images of our body parts. Rather, it utilises magnets and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of brain structures, body organs…

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Bilingualism refers to the ability to speak or understand two languages. Singapore is a multilingual society with English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil being the main languages used. A child can become bilingual in multiple ways. For example, a child learns two languages when the child’s parents and caregivers switch between two languages frequently during daily interactions, thereby becoming bilingual. Another way is when the language spoken at home differs from the language spoken in school, the child picks up both…

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