CM8001

Desalination techniques include reverse osmosis, and distillation. The main reason why they are not widely used in the industrial scale is because it is highly expensive, and has a large energy consumption. The output(pure water) produced is much lesser than the input(seawater), hence it is not very energy efficient.

Water-soluble vitamins are expected to be polar as it allows for hydrogen bonding between water molecules and vitamin molecules.

Fat-soluble vitamins are expected not to be polar compounds as they cannot dissolve in water hence should not be able to form hydrogen bonds with water.

a. A clothes dryer consumes a large amount of energy. Hanging clothes to dry instead of using a clothes dryer reduces the need for production of energy, hence energy factories can produce lesser, leading to lesser pollutants expelled.

b. Vehicles contribute to air pollution through the emissions of nitrous and sulfur oxides. By walking, riding a bike or taking public transport, we can reduce the number of vehicles on the road, hence reducing the amount of pollutants.

c. Washing machines and dishwashers use the same amount of energy no matter the amount of load inside. Having small loads thus causes wastage of energy. Current sources of energy production include thermal power plants, which burn coal. This process produces air pollutants.

d. Energy is consumed in water heaters. As water is travelling through pipes or stored, the heat can be dissipated into the surroundings, leading to extra unnecessary usage of energy to reheat the water. Insulating the pipes and heater helps reduce the rate of heat dissipation.

e. Importing goods require shipping by air. Airplanes are one of the biggest contributors of air pollution.

a. Coal plants produces large amount of smoke through their chimney vents, expelling it in to the atmosphere. This smoke contains many non-gaseous particles, which block out incoming sunlight, hence reducing visibility.

b. Natural rainfall has a pH within a range of 5-5.5. As such, the rainfall in the park is estimated to be in a range of 4-4.5.