CM8001

Desalination requires large amount of energy to operate and it is costly to operate as the output of drinking water is small as compared to the energy used.

Water-soluble vitamins are polar as it can form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) that allow the vitamins to dissolve into the water.

Fat-soluble vitamins are non-polar as it cannot form H-bonds with water due to it containing mostly hydrocarbon chains.

a) Using a dryer requires electricity that is produced from burning coal to spin the turbines connected to a generator. Burning coal produces sulphur oxides (SOx) that will react with water in clouds to produce acid rain.

b) It reduces the total vehicle exhaust produced as walk and biking does not produce any harmful emission and public transport decreases the amount of emission by decreasing the people to emission ratio. Vehicle emission consists nitrogen oxides (NOx) and SOx that will react with water to form acid rain.

c) It helps in save electricity which in turns lowers the amount of SOx produced from the coal-powered power plants. Decrease in SOx in atmosphere, decreases the formation of acid rain.

d) Adding insulation prevents heat from escaping into the surroundings and thus lowering the amount of electricity used. This indirectly decrease the SOx released from coal-powered power plants which decrease the formation of acid rain.

e) It reduces the use of transportation as there is less need to import food which in turn reduces vehicle emissions of NOx and SOx. This will lead to a decrease in the formation of acid rain.

a) Coal-fired plants produces SOx that will react with water in air to form tiny sulfuric acid droplets. They also produces soot and other particulates from the burning of coal. These droplets and particles form aerosols that do not absorb the sunlight they reflect, thus decreasing visibility.

b) Acidity comes from the [H+] ions and pH is -log[H+], so an increase of 10 times in acidity is pH decreasing by 1. Since the normal pH of rain is around 5, the pH of rainfall in the park would be around 4.