CM8001

Desalination techniques are too energy consuming and thus costly for most countries. Additionally, using fuels to produce potable drinking water is not environmentally friendly.

We would expect water-soluble vitamins to be polar compounds and fat-soluble vitamins to be non-polar compounds.

Hydrogen bonding occurs in polar compounds between an atom bearing a partial positive charge in one molecule and an atom bearing a partial negative charge in a neighbouring molecule. H atoms must be bonded to an O, N or F atom.

In non-polar compounds, there are no atoms with partial charges. Hence, hydrogen bonding is unable to occur.

a. Instead of using a dryer which utilizes electricity, hanging the laundry helps to reduce the severity of acid rain. Electricity comes from power plants which produce sulfur oxide, which is one of the main causes of acid rain.

b. Car exhaust gives off nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and very little sulfates, contributing to acid rain.

c. This will amount to less usage of the machines which reduces electricity used which would then reduce the amount of electricity that the power plants need to generate. Power plants give off sulfur oxide which causes acid rain.

d. If additional insulation is used, electricity efficiency of heating goes up leading to less power needed to be generated by the power plants which leads to lesser acidity in rain.

e. By buying locally grown produce and food, we can cut down on transportation which produces nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and sulfates which contribute to acid rain.

a. Coal-fired plants produce a lot of smoke, thus contributing to poor visibility.

b. Since the pH of natural rainfall is 5.6, if it is 10 times more acidic than natural rainfall, the pH would be 4.6 as pH is a logarithmic scale.