Cloning of dogs will only create the exact replica of the organism, without any genetic modification to the genes, therefore it does not improve the dog breeds. Furthermore, a cloned dog is just a physical copy of the original dog, without any memories or training.

The pros of accepting the aid are, having sufficient food supply for nation, and genetically modified corn is able to grow under extreme conditions, such as droughts in this case. Hence, this will reduce any food shortage in the future.

The cons are, the people may not be able to accept the idea of consuming genetically modified food because they are afraid that they might harm their bodies, and genetically modified food will threaten the natural balance.

I will accept the aid because it is the fastest solution to reduce the effect of the famine.

Yes, if more water is introduced into the environment, it will cause flooding. Obtaining purified hydrogen requires a lot of energy therefore it is expensive and at the same time, time consuming to do so. It is also difficult to store and transport hydrogen because it occupies a lot of space. Thus, it is impractical to use hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen is highly flammable and may ignite a fire easily.

Energy from the Sun is essential for living things on Earth as it provides warmth and energy. Just like fossil fuels, which provides electricity to carry out daily activities on Earth. Fossil fuels come from the decomposition of living things in a food cycle, and they obtain energy from plants. Plants photosynthesize in the presence of sunlight.

It is an expensive process and it uses a lot of energy. It uses fossil fuel to produce electricity for the electrolysis process of water. Burning of fossil fuels produces harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide that may lead to acid rain, which is harmful to the environment.

a) Exothermic – Burning releases energy in the form of heat.

b) Endothermic – Water absorbs heat energy before evaporation occurs.

c) Endothermic – Ice absorbs heat energy, this will cause the ice to melt into liquid due to the rise in temperature. This breaks the intermolecular forces of attraction, such as hydrogen bonding and van der waals, between water molecules.

The reactants will have lower bond strength, whereas the products will have higher bond strength, in order for an exothermic reaction to occur.

Heat is energy that flows from a hotter to a colder region, whereas temperature determines the direction of heat flow. Heat is due to the motion of molecules while temperature is a measure of the average speed of the motion.

a) It has similar knocking resistance as octane.

b) The higher the concentration of oxygenates in the fuel, the higher the octane ratings, which will allow the engine to run more smoothly.