Cloning create the exact genetic make up of the original dog. Without sexual reproduction ( breeding) the genetic diversity and chromosome pool of the dog will remain the same. In addition the cloned dog is more prone to mutation, dieseases, early death and premature aging , therefore cloning does not improve the dog breed. Breeding create genetic variation which may be favourable to improve the dog breed

Pros
1. GM crons can last longer
2. Resist harsh condition and weather
3. more nutritious

cons

1. allergic reaction to certain individual
2. decreased antibiotic efficacy
3. results in creation of super weed.

Therefore since it is a serious famine we will accept the offer

a) c6(H2O)6

b)
C) No, in fact the six-membered ring formed of fructose is sweeter than the 5 ring formed because different isomers have different physical and chemical properties.

the organic food could have travel miles and during the transportation process causing contamination hence, it can not be chemical free. This is according to a study published in food policy in March 2005

a) c6(H2O)6

b)
C) No, infactthe six membered ring formed of fructose is sweeter than the 5 ring formed because different isomers have different physical and chemical properties.

all organic

Acetone dissolves the polymer, allowing the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and becomes more dense because the gas has removed.

a) LDPE is soft, stretchy, transparent and not very strong. Since LDPE is branched. its surface are available for contact between the molecules are weaker. Hence, the vanderwaals forces between the molecules are weaker.

b) Linear LDPE has long linear chains. Hence, the the surface area available for contact between the molecules are stronger. Hence, HDPE is usually associated with being rigid and not very flexible.

No it does not. As to plastics, the weak but extensive dispersion allow for the molecules to slip pass one another allowing the plastics to stretch and neck. This is unlike paper.

a) Non-toxic, lack of solubility, lack of reactivity and inexpensive.

b) Several types of contact lenses are made with different types of polymers. Polymers include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), rigid gas polymers (RGP) and Polymacon. Desirable properties include being permeable to oxygen, non-toxic, comfortable to wear and inexpensive.

c) Hard contacts are made of PMMA which is a rigid non-gas permeable plastic. Soft lenses, that have replaced them, are made of silicone. They are flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eye. As such, soft lenses are more comfortable to wear.

two ways in which one carbon atom can differ from the other:
1. Carbon can have different isotopes ( C12, C13, C14) only C14 is radio active, while for uranium the 3 isotopes, U238 , U235 ,U234 and all of them are radio active

Differ carbon atoms
1. Carbon 12 and carbon 13- which differ in the number of neutrons
2. graphite Vs Diamond- arrange in different group, diamond forms tetrahedral shape whereas graphite form hexagonal shape

Differ ( carbon atoms Vs uranium atoms)
1. mass: due to the difference in number of proton and neutrons the masses of a carbon atom and uranium atom is different
2. uranium atoms are radioactive while carbon atoms are not radio active
3. carbon has 3 different types of isotopes: 12 C and 13C and 14 C only 14 C is radioactive, however for uranium the 3 isotopes are 238U, 235U, 234U and all radioactive

it has a different number of proton of neutrons, 15N has one more neutrons than 14N

A) 94
B) 93= neptunium and 94= plutonium
C) 86

– fuel rods (E)
– cooling water into the core (D)
– cooling water out of the core (B)
– control rod assembly (C)
– control rods(A)

It is more expansive and less efficient as compared to other alternatives. High energy consumption is required for the process, causing climate change due to the higher amount of coals required for this process. This produces more greenhouse gases as well. Wastes from plants are toxic in nature. The aquatic life in the water is also affected by the process, as they may be killed or injured by the heat required.

Water soluble vitamins are generally polar in nature, and will be dissolved only by polar solvents. If the vitamins are fat-soluble, they are unlikely to be polar in nature as only non-polar solvents can dissolve non-polar vitamins. This can be explained by the principle of dissolving, where like dissolves like.

a) By hanging our laundry out to dry, we will save on the energy required for the dryer to dry our clothes via electricity. This means that lesser electricity will be required and thus lesser electricity needs to be produced. This leads to lesser coals needed to be burnt to turn the turbines in our electricity plants. With lesser coals burnt, lesser gases (NOx and SOx) will be produced which causes acid rain.

b) Lesser fuels will be burnt, thus reducing the amount of NOx and SOx being produced as a result of driving.

c) Like in a), lesser electricity will be used.

d) The additional insulation will help to reduce the rate of heat loss, thus lesser amounts of energy will be required for the heater to maintain the temperature of the water.

e) Lesser fuels will be burnt when transporting the food from one location to another, as compared to the amount of fuel burnt by airplanes when sending food from one country to another.

a) Coal-fired plants releases gases (NOx and SOx) which increases the PPM in our air. This increase will cause our visibility to decrease. This is coupled with the antropogenic dust particles which contributes to the in crease in concentrations of particulate matters in the air we breathe and hence the reduce in our visibility as well. The physical wall of the valley restricts air movement in the valley. High levels of pollutants in the air cannot be sufficiently dispersed and communities located in the valley will be covered in smog.

b) The estimated PH is lower than 4.3

a. Exothermic. The charcoal combusts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. The energy released of the bond form water and carbon dioxide is greater than the energy required to break the carbon bonds. Heat is released in the process.
b. Endothermic. Water absorbs heat from the body to form water vapour.
c. Endothermic. Ice takes in heat from the surroundings to weaken the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules, so that the water molecules are further apart.

When bonds are broken, energy is absorbed and when bonds are formed, energy is released. For a good explosion, the energy released when the products are formed should be greater than the energy absorbed by the reactants. The overall energy level of the products should be lower than the energy level of the reactants.

Heat is the energy that flows from a hotter to a colder region, while temperature is a measurement of the average speed of molecules decreases.

A practical example is when we leave a cup of hot coffee on the table. Over time, heat is lost to the surrounds, as heat moves from hotter region to a colder region. The temperature of the hot coffee decreases from 100°C to 25°C, as the average speed of molecules decreases.

a. The knocking characteristics of this gasoline is 98% isooctane and 2% heptane.
b. It does not contain oxygenates, as the octane number is lower than 100. The octane rating of oxygenated is usually higher than 100, as oxygenates raises the octane level.

Correct Ans: The octane number does not tell us whether the fuel contains oxygenates.