When cloning, genes that govern the hereditary traits of the dogs are just as likely to be incorrectly reprogrammed and this may lead to early premature death of the cloned living dog. Therefore, cloning cannot improve dog breeds.

Pros:
The GM corn can be engineering to withstand weather fluctuations and extremes. This means that they will be able to provide sufficient yields and quality despite a severe, poor weather season.
The GM corn can be engineered to stay fresher for a longer period, extending its shelf life in the supermarket and to help them tide through the long drought.

Cons:
It might trigger allergies in humans.
Organisms in the ecosystem could be harmed and this would cause a decrease in biodiversity.

a) C6(H20)6

b) D-Fructose
CH2OH
|
C=O
|
HO-C-H
|
H-C-OH
|
H-C-OH
|
CH2OH

L-Frutose
CH2OH
|
C=O
|
H-C-OH
|
HO-C-H
|
HO-C-H
|
CH2OH

c) No, because isomers have different structural formula and hence give different sweetness.

Organic Food takes a longer time to grow and is not as affordable as compared to normal diets. In order to produce food faster for the ever faster growing population, humans often use fertilisers. In addition, to ensure that crops are not eaten by insects in the process of growth, pesticides which contain chemicals are used to eliminate the insects.

Acetone dissolve the polymer, allowing the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and is more dense because the gas has been removed.

a) Branched LDPE is not very strng and would be easily cut as compared to HDPE, hence cannot be used in this application.
b) HDPE is able to privide the required strength for this application. By using linear HDPE, it is able to get a balance between strength and flexibility.

When the piece of plastic is stretched, the strip narrows and “necking” occurs. The molecules become aligned parallel to each other and in the direction of the pull. This alteration of the 3D structure is not reversible and if the pulling continues the plastic would break. When the same pulling force is applied to paper, the paper tears because the cellulose molecules in paper are held more rigidly in place and are not free to become aligned. “Necking” does not occur on paper.

a) 1- Stable over a long period of time
2- Non-toxic
3-Does not dissolve in body fluids
4-Does not react in body fluids

b) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or silicone-acrylate.
These materials have a low coefficient of friction and are highly transparent

c) Hard Contact lenses are usually made of PMMA and is rigid non-gas permeable plastic. Users would always feel that the hard contact lenses are present and are typically not as comfortable. Soft contact lenses are made of silicone which is flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eye. They are usually comfortable.

One carbon atom can differ from another in 2 ways such as the number of neutrons such as C-12 and C-13 as well as the number of electrons.
All carbon atoms differ from uranium atoms in their number of protons, neutrons and electrons as well as their chemical properties.

The symbol N represents the element Nitrogen and refers to the naturally occurring mixture of its isotopes like 14N and 15N. The symbols 14N and 15N represents the specific isotopes with mass numbers of 14 and 15 respectively.

a) There are 94 protons.
b) 93 protons – Neptunium (Np 93)
94 protons – Plutonium (Pu 94)
c) There are 86 protons in Rn-222

A – Control Rod Assembly
B – Cooling water out of the core
C – Control Rod
D – Cooling water into the core
E – Fuel Rods