Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals with the desired traits. Cloned animals are known for their shorter lifespans, and are more prone to sicknesses as it damages the genetic code. For example, Dolly (a cloned sheep) was put to sleep in February 2003 at age of seven, which is half of the normal life span as it suffered from arthritis and degenerative lung diseases.

Pros:
1. Able to have more nutritional benefits, preventing malnutrition during the drought.
2. It can be genetically modified to stay fresher for a longer time, allowing food supply to last longer in times of drought.
Cons:
1. It may trigger allergy in humans. Since it is inserting a gene from another food/plant, it could cause the host organism to express that trait. For eg, the herbicide resistant trait of soy could be inserted to another plant, as a result, there may be a chance of allergens in the host organism, and may be lethal to those allergic to soy.
2. The ecosystem may be harmed as the GM crop become increasingly pest resistant. It may pollinate elsewhere, leading to loss of biodiversity of species. It may also contaminate the genetics of other plant species, such as the superweed, which are weeds that have “evolved” to withstand conventional herbicides, and requires stronger herbicides to be used to remove it.

We accept the aid. In the short run, it is important to feed the population during the drought. However, in the long run, it is not as sustainable as it may affect the health of people and the biodiversity. As more research is done, and the disadvantages is eliminated, it may be sustainable to use GM foods.

Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals with the desired traits. Cloned animals are known for their shorter lifespans, and are more prone to sicknesses as it damages the genetic code. For example, Dolly (a cloned sheep) was put to sleep in February 2003 at age of seven, which is half of the normal life span as it suffered from arthritis and degenerative lung diseases.

Pros:
1. Able to have more nutritional benefits, preventing malnutrition during the drought.
2. It can be genetically modified to stay fresher for a longer time, allowing food supply to last longer in times of drought.
Cons:
1. It may trigger allergy in humans. Since it is inserting a gene from another food/plant, it could cause the host organism to express that trait. For eg, the herbicide resistant trait of soy could be inserted to another plant, as a result, there may be a chance of allergens in the host organism, and may be lethal to those allergic to soy.
2. The ecosystem may be harmed as the GM crop become increasingly pest resistant. It may pollinate elsewhere, leading to loss of biodiversity of species. It may also contaminate the genetics of other plant species, such as the superweed, which are weeds that have “evolved” to withstand conventional herbicides, and requires stronger herbicides to be used to remove it.

We accept the aid. In the short run, it is important to feed the population during the drought. However, in the long run, it is not as sustainable as it may affect the health of people and the biodiversity. As more research is done, and the disadvantages is eliminated, it may be sustainable to use GM foods.

Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals with the desired traits. Cloned animals are known for their shorter lifespans, and are more prone to sicknesses as it damages the genetic code. For example, Dolly (a cloned sheep) was put to sleep in February 2003 at age of seven, which is half of the normal life span as it suffered from arthritis and degenerative lung diseases.

Pros:
1. Able to have more nutritional benefits, preventing malnutrition during the drought.
2. It can be genetically modified to stay fresher for a longer time, allowing food supply to last longer in times of drought.
Cons:
1. It may trigger allergy in humans. Since it is inserting a gene from another food/plant, it could cause the host organism to express that trait. For eg, the herbicide resistant trait of soy could be inserted to another plant, as a result, there may be a chance of allergens in the host organism, and may be lethal to those allergic to soy.
2. The ecosystem may be harmed as the GM crop become increasingly pest resistant. It may pollinate elsewhere, leading to loss of biodiversity of species. It may also contaminate the genetics of other plant species, such as the superweed, which are weeds that have “evolved” to withstand conventional herbicides, and requires stronger herbicides to be used to remove it.

a. C6(H2O)6
b. Fructose and Glucose are isomers
c. They have different sweetness. Since different structures would trigger different receptors on our tongue, such that the structure that is able to trigger more sweetness receptors and for a longer period of time, it would be sweeter (or have a stronger taste)

“All Organic” is not possible because:
– Food supply may have been exposed to chemicals despite avoiding plastics, canned food and eating food from a company that caters organic food and drinks
– Studies have also reported that there have been unknown sources of chemical exposure in food such as spices and diary products.
“Chemical-free” diet is impossible because:
– Water and air are all chemical compounds. Food itself is a chemical compound.
– It is impossible to live free of chemicals.
– It can be pesticide free, fertilizers free but cannot be chemical free.

Acetone dissolves the polymer, allowing the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and is more dense because the gas has been removed.

a. Branched LDPE does not have the required strength for this application.

b. The require strength could be obtained by lining up the molecules of the HDPE in a specific way. By using a thin liner of HDPE, it allows sufficient flexibility.

Plastic bad undergoes ecking when stretch, where the molecules slide past each other, in the direction of the pull. Since bonds are broken and formed, the process is irreversible, the length increases and thickness decreases. Since cellulose molecules in paper are more rigid, which does not allow the molecules to slide past each other, resulting in no necking. The bonds are not formed again after breakage.

a.
i) Non toxic so as to eliminate foreign body respond.
if) The time it takes for the polymer to degrade is proportional to the time required for therapy.
iii) Products from biodegradation are not cytotoxic.
iv) Material easily processed.

b. Hydrogel. It is water absorbing (uses water to transmit oxygen to the eyes), non-toxic, durable and comfortable to wear.

c. Soft: Hydrogel. Thinner lenses, oxygen permeable.
Hard: PMMA. Gas permeable (naturally porous to allow oxygen flow), have a higher clarity but may cause discomfort.

Carbon atoms can differ from each other in their number of neutrons (isotopes), or electrons/charge (ions).
All carbon atoms differ from all uranium atoms in their number of protons, neutrons and electrons. This results in different chemical and physical properties as well.

Aside from the chemical symbol N representing Nitrogen, the number 14 and 15 represents the mass number of the two different Nitrogen atoms. This indicates that the two Nitrogen atoms have different number of neutrons. 14N has 7 neutrons while 15N has 8 neutrons.

a. 94 protons
b. 93: Neptunium (Np)
94: Plutonium (Pu)
c. 86 protons

A. control rod assembly
B. cooling water out of the core
C. control rods
D. cooling water into the core
E. fuel rods

Desalination is expensive, environmentally damaging and is only viable for coastal communities. it is also not very efficient, and usually used by developed countries.

Water-soluble vitamins are usually polar in nature, and is compatible with polar water molecules to form hydrogen bonding, thus is soluble in water. Fat-soluble vitamins are non-polar in nature, making it compatible with non-polar solvents such as fats.

a. Hanging laundry instead of using the dryer will use no electricity , thus reducing energy consumption.

b. Walk, bike and public transportation prevents unnecessary emissions of NOx and SOx from vehicles.

c. This reduces the energy consumption, thus, burning less coal/fossil fuels for electricity, reducing NOx and SOx.

d. This reduces heat loss to surroundings and increase efficiency.

e. Reduces the need for import, thus less fuel is burnt for transportation, reducing NOx and SOx emissions.

a. Soot produced by coal-fired plants reduces visibility. Small droplets of SO3 smogs also reduces visibility

b. ~pH 4.6
Since natural pH of rain is 5.6. For every 10 times increase in H+ will lead to a decrease of 1 pH unit.