Cloning does not change the genetics of the breeds as it literally copies all genes from the original source. This includes all the defects/mutation that are present in the cloned dog.
There is also ethical issues from cloning.

When breeding occurs, there will be variation to the genes and a better combination of genes may be formed.

PROS:
– The ability to grow corn that can feed both the citizens and the livestock.
– The corn will have better flavour and nutritional value.

CONS:
– May contaminate the wild corn types currently present in the country.
– Possibility of allergies being triggered by the GM food

Yes, we would accept cause saving the life of the citizens is more important. Though there will be after effects of using it.

a. CnH2nOn≡Cn(H2O)n
Therefore, C6H12O5≡C6(H2O)6

b. Please refer to the hardcopy. (or http://tinypic.com/r/2qxrwgg/9)

c. No. Sweetness is determined by the receptors in our tongue. the strength depends on how many or how long those receptors are opened. Different isomers have different stereoisomerism, thus different activity to the receptor.

It is impossible to go chemical-free as the consumption of food triggers a range of chemical activities in our body. The word ‘chemical’ often denotes a molecular compound and all food are composed of molecular compounds. Therefore, you can only have an “all organic” diet only.

a. Exothermic process. Heat is released as it feels hot when one stands near it.

b. Endothermic process. Water absorbs heat from body to evaporate from the skin.

c. Endothermic process. Ice absorbs heat energy from the environment to break the intermolecular bonds in order for it to melt.

Explosion happens when the reactant being a solid turns into gas as the product through a reaction. This gas produced cause a sudden increase in volume which in turn becomes an explosion.
In order for there to be a good explosion, the product must have relatively low energy so that it is more stable than the reactant. Therefore, the reactant will have to have relatively weak bond strength as compared to the product.

Temperature is a quantitative measurement of heat present in the surroundings while heat is a form of internal energy that is felt by oneself.
An example is when you feel that the air is hot, which is the amount of heat present, but the temperature is not very high.

a. Gasoline has 98% isooctane and 2% heptane.

b. Octane rating is the ratio for the comparison with a standard for the fuel but there is no part in the ratio that refers to oxygenates. If one wants to know if the fuel contains oxygenates, more analysis has to be done or to contact the supplier about it.

There is a lot of air in styrofoam and they get removed when immersed in acetone, leaving the denser styrofoam without air. Polymer change into a more compact structure and is thus less dense.

A. LDPE is not strong enough as compared to HDPE
B. HDPE molecules can line up to produce strength and by using a thin HDPE, it will give a strong yet flexible material.

Stretching plastic bag causes molecules to be aligned parallel to each other in direction of pull. However, paper is made of cellulose molecules that are held more rigidly in place and are not able to align. So they just break.

A. Biodegradable, stable, non-toxic, long half-life. Mechanical properties depend on its uses.
B. (PMMA) It is strong and able to retain shape.
C. Hard contact lenses contain polymethyl methacrylate with some silicon to make it flexible. They retain shape better than soft contact lens.

The two ways which one carbon atom can differ from another are:

1) Number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
2) Atomic mass of the atom

The 3 ways in which all carbon atoms differ from all uranium atoms:

1) Atomic mass. Carbon’s atomic mass is 12.01, while uranium’s atomic mass is 238.03
2) Half lives.
3) Number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

The numbers beside the two ‘N’s indicates the atomic mass of 2 different Nitrogen atoms. Not all nitrogen atoms have the same atomic mass, which results in these 2 nitrogen atoms having different numbers to represent them. The term, isotope, is used to describe the different variety of atoms of the same element.

In addition, since the atomic mass are different, their nuclear reaction and properties would be different as well. Hence, these 2 representations are important as it is a way to distinguish the different isotopes of the same element.

a) 94
b) Neptunium and Plutonium
c) 86

A – Control rod assembly
B – Cooling water out of the core
C – Control rods
D – Cooling water into core
E – Fuel rods

Desalination requires large amount of energy to operate and it is costly to operate as the output of drinking water is small as compared to the energy used.

Water-soluble vitamins are polar as it can form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) that allow the vitamins to dissolve into the water.

Fat-soluble vitamins are non-polar as it cannot form H-bonds with water due to it containing mostly hydrocarbon chains.

a) Using a dryer requires electricity that is produced from burning coal to spin the turbines connected to a generator. Burning coal produces sulphur oxides (SOx) that will react with water in clouds to produce acid rain.

b) It reduces the total vehicle exhaust produced as walk and biking does not produce any harmful emission and public transport decreases the amount of emission by decreasing the people to emission ratio. Vehicle emission consists nitrogen oxides (NOx) and SOx that will react with water to form acid rain.

c) It helps in save electricity which in turns lowers the amount of SOx produced from the coal-powered power plants. Decrease in SOx in atmosphere, decreases the formation of acid rain.

d) Adding insulation prevents heat from escaping into the surroundings and thus lowering the amount of electricity used. This indirectly decrease the SOx released from coal-powered power plants which decrease the formation of acid rain.

e) It reduces the use of transportation as there is less need to import food which in turn reduces vehicle emissions of NOx and SOx. This will lead to a decrease in the formation of acid rain.

a) Coal-fired plants produces SOx that will react with water in air to form tiny sulfuric acid droplets. They also produces soot and other particulates from the burning of coal. These droplets and particles form aerosols that do not absorb the sunlight they reflect, thus decreasing visibility.

b) Acidity comes from the [H+] ions and pH is -log[H+], so an increase of 10 times in acidity is pH decreasing by 1. Since the normal pH of rain is around 5, the pH of rainfall in the park would be around 4.

a. Exothermic reaction as we feel warm due to heat release. b. Endothermic reaction as we feel cold since heat is absorbed. c. Endothermic reaction as we feel cold since heat is also absorbed.

reactant should have a weaker bond strength compared to its products for a good explosion since more energy is released when a strong bond is formed while less energy is needed to break a weak bond. Gas also give good explosions.

temperature is a measurement while heat is a form of energy that flows from a better to cooler region.

4a. It has 98% Isoctane while 2% of heptane. b There is a hih possibility of it containing oxygenate as it reduceds knocking