High cost is incurred due to fuel required to boil the water and the setting up of the machines to desalinate sea water.
environment concerns- the residue left behind is brine which needs to be disposed off quickly by deep well injection and if it is not disposed off quickly it will cause environmental problems.

Vitamins that are water-soluble are polar while vitamins that are fat-soluble are non-polar.

Polar molecules are water soluble because the molecules can interact with water molecules which are also polar. polar dissolve in polar solvent

Fat-soluble vitamins are hydrophobic and non-polar, which does not interact with water, non-polar dissolve in non polar solvent.

a.) if people do not hang their clothes, they will use dryers which in turn will use energy from electric companies which are using coals to produce the electricity.

b.) if people do not use Eco-friendly methods of transportation, people will use cars, taxi or other fuel powered mode of transportation which uses petrol which cause the emission of NOx,CO2 and SOx which indirectly cause acid rain

c.) smaller loads cause more usage of the machines which in turn will use more electricity from the companies.

d.) heating of the water in the pipes causes emission of gases which can in turn contribute to the production of acid rain.

e.) air flown goods in turn uses fuel powered transportation which in turn will produce harmful gas which is stated in (b).

a.) coal- fired plants produces products like soot and smoke which in turn will cause the formation of haze which causes the poor visibility.

b.) the normal pH of rain on earth is in the range of pH ( 5.0-5.5) by the report in (b) it has stated that the rain is 10x more acidic than normal which by calculation, will give the pH value of ( 4.0-4.5).

a. Exothermic- potential energy in charcoal release as heat energy

b. Endothermic- Energy taken in to break the hydrogen bond of water to change from liquid to gaseous state

c. Endothermic-Energy taken in to break bond between molecules to change from solid to liquid state

To make a good explosion, the energy difference must be negative in value (exothermic)
The bigger the energy difference of the reaction, the more exothermic the reaction is. Hence to make a good explosion, relative bond strength of the product must be larger than those of the reactants which will lead to negative net energy change which is equal to a large exothermic reaction.

Heat refers to energy that flows from hotter to colder object. temperature determine the direction of heat flow.
Heat is the motion of energy and temperature is the measure of the speed of that energy.

a. Octane rating of 98 means that 98% isooctane and 2%heptane
b. No. Oxygenates are MTBE and ethanol. They have octane rating of over 100.