Cloning results in a dog with the exact same genome as deceased dog that is cloned. There will be no genetic variation that result in an improvement of the dogs. The cloned dog will have the same genetic diseases as the original dog. By breeding dogs, there will be genetic variation via random fertilisation. This will result in a potential improvement of the genetics of dogs. This will also give dogs more homes, as owners can adopt another dog.

Pro
-there will be food for the people
-the corn may be more nutritious than the unmodified corn

Con
-the genetically modified corn may bring about possible allergic reaction for the people as it contains unknown genes from other species.
-the people may not want to eat genetic modified food due to possible health issues, religious beliefs or ethical reasons.

We will accept the corn as food is severely needed.

a. C6(H2O)6
b.
c. No. Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structural formula. Due to their structural differences, they have different physical properties and thus different sweetness.

All food have chemical bonds be it peptide bonds in proteins, Single and double Carbon bonds in carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and fibre in vegetables.

Acetone dissolves the polymer, allowing the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and is more dense because the gas has been removed. Thus, a more condensed and solid version of styrofoam remains.

a. LDPE cannot be used in this application because it does not have the required strength and will not guard against cuts.

b. The molecules of HDPE must line up in a way that produces the required strength to withstand cuts and using a thin layer of HDPE allows sufficient flexibility to be worn as a surgical glove.

When the piece of plastic is stretched, the strip narrows and the thickness decrease. The molecules become aligned parallel to each other and in the direction of the pull. This alteration of the three-dimensional structure is not reversible, and if the pulling continues, the plastic breaks. When the same pulling force is applied to a piece of paper, the paper tears rather than stretching to any significant extent. The cellulose molecules in paper are held far more rigidly in place, and are not free to become aligned/stretched.

a. The properties are (1) stable over time of intended use, (2) non-toxic, (3) low cost, (4) lack of solubility and reactivity in body fluids, and (5) the ease of implantation.

b. Several different types of contact lenses are on the market and each uses a different type of polymer. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), one of the earliest polymers used for rigid gas permeable lenses, is structurally similar to Lucite and plexiglas. Silicone-acrylate materials now are more commonly used under trade names such as Kolfocon. Newer rigid gas permeable (RGP) polymers contain fluorine: fluoro-silicone-acrylate polymers and fluoro-silicones. Polymacon (38% water) is typical of the polymers used for soft lenses and is a polymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Other methacrylates include hioxifilcon (48% water) and methafilcon (55% water) or even lidofilcon (70% water). Manufacturers’ websites are good sources of information. Desirable properties include being nontoxic, permeable to oxygen, comfortable to wear, and inexpensive. Also desirable is the ability to conform to the shape of the eye and to be easily cleaned (if not disposable).

c. As mentioned in the previous part, hard contact lenses are typically made of PMMA, a rigid non-gas permeable plastic. The soft contact lenses that replaced them are made of silicone, which is flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eye. Because of these properties, the soft lenses tend to be more comfortable and easier to wear.

One carbon atom can differ from another in the number of neutrons or electrons. (Example: C-12, C-13)
All carbon atoms differ from all uranium atoms in their number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

The superscript represents the mass number.
Mass number refers to the number of protons and neutrons altogether.
14N has the mass number of 14 while 15N has the mass number of 15.

a) 94 protons
b) 93 – Neptunium
94 – Plutonium
c) 86 protons

A – control rods
B – cooling water out of the core
C – control rod assembly
D – cooling water into the core
E – fuel rods

Desalination is not widely used as a method to produce potable drinking water because:
1. the plant is expensive to build
2. not energy-efficient; expensive to operate
3. produces much less water than needed

The water-soluble vitamins are polar compounds since they can dissolve in water which is a polar solvent.
The fat-soluble vitamins are non-polar as they do not mix well with water, which is a polar solvent.

a. Reduce need for use of dryer, cut down use of energy and electricity; this in turn reduced the need for coals to be burned

b. Conserves energy and cuts down on the emissions of nitrogen oxides which contributes to acid rain

c. Conserves water and reduces electrical consumption

d. Reduces energy use by preventing heat and cold from escaping

e. Reduce transportation related acid-rain emissions (NO2, SO2) being released into the atmosphere.

a)
Coal fired plants releases huge amounts of small droplets of sulfur trioxide (SO3) during combustion. The SO3 water droplets become visible as fog.
b)
Acid level is 10 times stronger = 1 pH difference
If the pH level of natural rain is 5.3, the estimated pH of rainfall in the park is 4.3.

A) exothermic, heat is being released when charcoal briquette burns.
B) endothermic, heat is absorbed to change water from liquid to gaseous state.
C) endothermic, heat is absorbed to change water from solid to liquid state.

In an exothermic reaction, delta H is negative. The sum of the relative bond strength of products is more than the sum of the relative bond strength of the reactants.
Chemical explosion occurs when a solid reactant forms a gaseous product. Therefore bond strength of reactant is very Low and that of the product is very high.

Heat is the energy that flows from a hotter object to a cooler object while temperature is a measure of the average speed of the heat flow from a hotter to a cooler object.
Example for heat: when you touch a hot pan, heat is felt by your hand which is cooler
Temperature: comparing a pan of 50 degrees celcius and 30, you will feel th heat of the 50 degrees C faster than that of 30 degrees C

A) it has a knocking characteristic of 98% isooctance and 2% heptane.

B) it is not possible to tell from the octane rating

A) exothermic, heat is being released when charcoal briquette burns.
B) endothermic, heat is absorbed to change water from liquid to gaseous state.
C) endothermic, heat is absorbed to change water from solid to liquid state.

In an exothermic reaction, delta H is negative. The sum of the relative bond strength of products is more than the sum of the relative bond strength of the reactants.
Chemical explosion occurs when a solid reactant forms a gaseous product. Therefore bond strength of reactant is very Low and that of the product is very high.

Heat is the energy that flows from a hotter object to a cooler object while temperature is a measure of the average speed of the heat flow from a hotter to a cooler object.
Example for heat: when you touch a hot pan, heat is felt by your hand which is cooler
Temperature: comparing a pan of 50 degrees celcius and 30, you will feel th heat of the 50 degrees C faster than that of 30 degrees C

A) it has a knocking characteristic of 98% isooctance and 2% heptane.

B)