Cloning produces identical offsprings with DNA identical to the parent DNA.

Pros: Sufficient food for the people, more nutritional value
Cons: Unknown side effects, possibility of producing super corns that will disrupt the ecological balance

a. C6H1206-> C6(H20)6

c. Different. Since sugars are sweet because they contain OH groups, with a particular orientation that can interact with taste receptor fir sweetness in our tongues. Isomers of fructose like 6 member-ed rings of fructose have different structural orientation of OH groups hence it is also sweeter than the 5 member-ed rings of fructose.

Even though it is organic, all nutrients are chemicals as they are all formed from different elements. So they are all chemical compound. Thus, even if the diet is all organic, it could not be chemical free.

Styrofoam is made with foaming agents causing many air spaces to form. When Acetone dissolves the polymer, it allows the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself as its chains rearrange into a more compact structure. thus it is more dense because the gas has been removed.

a. LDPE cannot be used in this application because it does not have the required strength since branching structure of the polymers reduces the intermolecular forces between LDPE chains. This results in LDPE gloves having lower resistance to being cut.

b. At a molecular level, the polymer chains can be arranged in a manner that gives the required strength. If these arrangements simply forms a thin layer, linear HDPE can provide the required strength and is flexible at the same time.

Polymer chains in a plastic are condensed in a random, non-linear fashion. When the piece of plastic is stretched, the polymer chains straightens and the molecules become aligned parallel to each other and in the direction of the pull. This alteration of the three-dimensional structure is not reversible, and if the pulling continues, the plastic breaks. When the same pulling force is applied to a piece of paper, the paper tears rather than stretching to any significant extent. The cellulose molecules in paper are held far more rigidly in place, and are not free to become aligned.

a. hydrophobic, non-degradable, light weight, flexible
b. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Desirable properties include being transparent, nontoxic, permeable to oxygen, comfortable to wear, and inexpensive. Also desirable is the ability to conform to the shape of the eye and to be easily cleaned (if not disposable).
c.hard contact lenses are typically made of PMMA, a rigid non-gas permeable plastic. The soft contact lenses that replaced them are made of silicone, which is flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eye so it tends to be more comfortable and easier to wear.

Carbon atoms such as C-12 and C-13 differ from one another in the number of neutrons, and overall nuclear mass.
Carbon atoms differs from all uranium atoms in their nuclear mass(proton & neutron), number of electrons, and chemical properties.

The number represents the nuclear mass. 15N has one more neutron in the nucleus of the atom.

a. 94 protons
b. Neptunium(Np) and Plutonium(Pu)
c. 86 protons

A: Control rod assembly
B: Coolant out of the core
C: Control Rod
D: Coolant into the core
E: Fuel Rod

Desalination requires water to be converted to steam. However, water has high specific heat capacity(4200KJ/mol), so a large amount of energy is required to boil the water.
As such this method will not be economical.

Water-soluble vitamins are polar because “like dissolves like.” Water is polar and if something is water-soluble than it is polar too. Fat-soluble would not be polar.

a. Electricity(dryer)->powerplant(burns coal/fossil fuel)->emit SOx
b. Walk/bike/public transport->reduces usage of car->reduces emission of NOx
c. Electricity(dishwasher & washing machine)->powerplant->emit SOx
d. Lack of insulation results in more energy loss to the environment, additional electrical energy is required to maintain water temperature
e. Locally grown food reduces the need for transportation(by air/water/land). Thus reduces NOx.

a. Coal-fired plants releases SOx, which reacts with water in the atmosphere. Sulfuric acid is thus formed, and these tiny droplets of H2SO4 form aerosols which do not absorb sunlight. They reflect light and reduces visibility.

b. Assuming that the average pH of rainfall is 5.5, the rainfall in the park would have a pH of 4.5.

a) Endo Energy is released.
B) Endo Energy is absorbed to break the intermolecular bonds holding the molecules together.
C) Endo. Energy is absorbed to change the state from solid to liquid.

Bonds forming release energy and breaking of bonds create energy.
In order for a good explosion to occure, the bond strengths of product should be much greater than the bond strength of reactants. So, the reaction would be extremely exothermic.

Heat is the flow of energy(thermal) from a system of higher temperature to system of lower temperature.
Temperature is the measure of internal enegy of an object.

A) It has a higher resistance to cause knocking in a vehicle’s engine. Therefore less prone to preignition.
B) Oxygenates is a form of additives added to fuel to increase the octane rating. The average octane rating of fuel is 87-89. Therefore it is likely that oxygenates are added to increase octane rating.