Desalination is the process of removing salts from seawater. A large amount of energy is required to obtain a small amount of pure water, therefore, it is not an efficient process. Furthermore, it incurs a huge cost to produce a large amount of drinking water.

Water-soluble vitamins are polar compounds whereas fat-soluble vitamins are non polar compounds. Water soluble vitamins interacts with water and dissolve in polar solvents since they can interact with each other to form H-bonds. This will make the solution more stable. On the other hand, fat soluble vitamins contains C-H bonds, which dissolve in nonpolar solvents (like dissolve like). A polar compound cannot dissolve effectively in fat solvent since it requires a lot of energy.

A. Hanging your laundry to dry it instead of using dryers will decrease electricity consumption. Electricity comes from burning coal, producing sulphur dioxide, energy also come from burning fossil fuels which will release nitrogen oxides. These molecules will add to production of acid rain.

B. Vehicle exhaust releases nitrogen oxides. Walking, taking the bike or taking public transport will reduce consumption of fossil fuel.

C. Dish washers and washing machines consumes electricity. Similar to part A, electicity comes from the burning of coal and fossil fuels releasing nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxides, giving rise to acid rain. Avoiding usage of them will reduce electricity consumption.

D. Energy conservation to save electricity.

E. Reduce transportation to reduce fossil fuels consumption.

a. Coal-fired plants release SO2 and create sulfate particles which reduces visibility.

b. The pH for normal rain is 5-6. The pH for the rainfall in Mammoth Cave National Park is 4-5 since it is 10 times more acidic.

a. Exothermic – A burning process is releasing heat
b. Endothermic – Water absorbs heat to become water vapour. The H-bonds are also broken in the process
c. Endothermic – Solid ice absorb heat to become liquid.

The bond energy of the reactants are relatively weak and the bond energy of the products are very strong. Thus, more energy is released when the chemical reaction takes place. This will lead to a a negative net energy change, which indicates a large exothermic reaction during an explosion.

Temperature is the property of internal energy : it is the state of the matter(current state).
Heat is the amount of energy transferred between two matters.

For example, if we put ice cubes into a cup of hot coffee, the temperature of the hot coffee will drop and that is due to the heat transfer from the coffee to the ice.

a. Since the premium gasoline has an octane rating of 98, it will burn relatively smoothly. It also indicates that it shows 98% burning properties of iso-octane and 2% of heptane.

b.It has a high possibility to contain oxygenates because normally premium gasoline have a very low octane rating. But it does not give any concrete information/evidence whether there is oxygenates.