There is no genetic diversity in cloning, so this makes cloned dogs more vulnerable to viruses, higher risks to newly evolved diseases. Breeding brings new variations into the existing gene pool if you cross breed. Also, different parents can result in different and potentially better combinations of genes, so breeding is better.

Breeding might not give the desired results while cloning might have ethical issues. Breeding might bring an improvement of the species.

Pros:
– End starvation immediately
– The GMO food might have more nutrients
– The GMO food might have higher resistance to pests, poor growing conditions, thus leading to better food output and security.

Cons:
– Indebted to other countries
– GMO crops might contaminate wild origin crops
– People might develops allergies to the GMO crops

a) C6(H2O)6

c) No. As they have different structures, it leads to different physical properties and therefore different tastes.

Everything is made out of chemicals, even all organic food consists entirely of chemicals. It is impossible to go on an “all organic chemical-free” diet because food itself is made up of chemicals. The highly advertised organic diet might not always be better because of the misconceptions that inorganic chemicals is bad and natural organic chemicals is better, this is not always true. It is also very hard to go on an organic diet because the method and the process by which the food is grown must be very strictly adhere to organic certifications, which means it will be highly costly.

Styrofoam is a foaming agent and when acetone dissolves the polymer, gas is allowed to escape causing the polymer to collapse on itself thus becoming denser.

a) LDPE cannot be used in this application because it does not have the required strength.

b) The molecules of HDPE must line up in a way that produces the required strength. Using a thin liner of HDPE allows sufficient flexibility.

When the piece of plastic is stretched, the strip narrows and “necks down”. The molecules become aligned parallel to each other and in the direction of the pull. This alteration of the 3-D structure is not reversible, and if the pulling continues, the plastic breaks.
When the same pulling force is applied to a piece of paper, the paper tears rather than stretching to any significant extent. This is because the cellulose molecules in paper are held for more rigidly in place, and are not free to become aligned.

a) Durable. Good inductors. Low cost. Contains the same elements found in the human body (safe). Lack of reactivity with body fluids. Non-toxic.

b) Hard lenses are made up of PMMA. It is durable and chemically inert. On the other hand, soft lenses are made up of silicone acrylate. It is inexpensive, it has higher oxygen permeability, has good lens moisture and is comfortable to wear.

c) For hard lenses, it is able tor retain its shape easily. It requires no water to maintain their shape, thus it will not pull moisture away from the eyes leaving the eyes more moist. It is also durable as it does not tear easily.
For soft lenses, it is easily distorted when blinking as suction is removed to a certain extent. Soft lenses draw water away from eyes leading to dry eyes. It is also fragile and it tears easily because it is made of thin gel-like plastic.

One carbon atom can differ from another in the number of neutrons (e.g. C-12 and C-13) and in the number of electrons.
All carbon atoms differ from all uranium atoms in their number of p, n, e and also in their chemical properties.

The number represents the atomic mass number of the atom, which indicates how many protons and neutrons there are in the nucleus of the atom, this also tells us which isotope the atom is.

(a) 94 protons
(b) 93p: Np, 94p : Pu
(c) 86 protons

Fuel rods(E)
Cooling water into the core (D)
Cooling water out of the core(B)
Control rod assembly(A)
Control rods(C)

Desalination is not used because: it is expensive and requires the use of a lot of resources, it requires a lot of energy to carry out, it is not financially efficient(requiring 3000$ per square foot), it is not environmentally friendly(it pollutes the ocean with its briny waste stream).

Water soluble vitamins are polar molecules whereas fat soluble vitamins are non polar molecules. a vitamin’s solubility in water or lipids determine where it can be used and whether it will be stored in fat cells or excreted from the body if it is not needed for immediate use. As water is a , vitamin needs to be polar in order to dissolve in water. E.G. polar dissolves in polar, non polar dissolves in non polar, like dissolves like. Lipids/fats are non-polar compounds, hence, vitamins need to be non polar in order to dissolve in lipids/fats.

A)will not produce acid rain because not using electricity of dryer, so no use of fossil fuels which a by product is greenhouse gas that contributes to acid rain formation.
B) exhaust from vehicles releases nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide into the air, these pollutants contribute to acid rain, by walking/biking/using public transport, we reduce the pollution that contributes to acid rain.
C) We do not waste unnecessary electricity/we use electricity efficiently which reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, reducing the by products of fossil fuels(greenhouse gases) that contribute to acid rain formation.
D) with additional insulation on heaters/pipes, less heat is lost to the surroundings, so we do not need to use as much electricity to maintain the warm temperature, reducing the by products of electricity consumptions that contribute to acid rain formation.
E) we reduce transport costs(transport costs include fossil fuel consumption which contributes to greenhouse gases and acid rain formation) associated with imported produce.

A) There is a connection because coal plants release huge amounts of water vapour along with the combustion process. The hydrogen and carbon in the coal make at least twice the amount of water vapour as the coal burnt: CH4+O2–>CO2+2H2O.
Water vapour when cooled in the national park areas becomes visible as fog. The fog level is higher in areas that have cooler night time temperatures leading to higher fog formation and cooler day temperatures that make the fog last longer, leading to poorer visibility.
B) Average PH of rain should be neutral(PH7). The PH scale is a log scale, so if the acid level is 10 times stronger than natural(I.E. 10 time stronger is equal to 1 PH decrease), the PH would be PH6.

a) Exothermic: Heat is released during exothermic reactions
b) Endothermic: Heat is absorbed during reaction. Water absorbs heat from the surrounding and from our body temperature which translate into energy for the conversion of liquid to gaseous state.
c) Endothermic: Heat is absorbed during reaction. Ice absorbs heat from surroundings which results in the energy provided for solid to become to liquid.

A good explosion would be more exothermic. For exothermic reactions, the products have a lower energy level than the reactants, therefore bond strength of products is less than bond strength of reactants.

Heat is a form of energy transfer while temperature is the measurement of the amount of heat. Temperature is the direction of the flow of heat. For example, you feel hot because of the heat from the sun, and you can check the temperature with a thermometer.

a) 98% isooctane and 2% heptane
b) Octane rating does not indicate the level of oxygenates in fuel. Oxygenates are usually in gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide.