– Cloning practices raise concerns on ethical issues

– Cloning results in producing the same kind of dog. It is essentially replicating the same dog with the same DNA. Therefore, there will be no change or improvements in
the breed.

– Breeding will be a better choice. Good traits could be passed down through genetics to produce better breeds.

2 Pros:
– Accepting the aid can help to tackle the issue of famine in the country
– GM food may help increase nutrition, decrease pesticide use and yield higher harvest at a low production cost

2 Cons:
– Local markets will be affected. Competition with the international market (economic cost)
– People may develop allergies from consuming the GM food (risks of negative health impacts)

(A) C6(H20)6
(B) glucose- reference: http://www.chemicalformula.org/glucose
(C) No. Different isomers have different structure and chemical properties. Hence the sweetness may vary between different isomers of fructose

All food are chemicals and elements are chemicals. Even the purest filtered water or crystalline, unpolluted water from the highest mountain top. Just about everything we touch, eat, drink or breathe is a chemical or combinations of chemicals. Lots of things are all natural and elements are in their natural form.

Acetone dissolves the polymer, allowing the gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and is more dense because the gas has been removed.

a) LDPE cannot be used in this application because it does not have the required strength.

b) The molecules of the HDPE must line up in a way that produces the required strength. Using a thin liner of HDPE allows sufficient flexibility.

When the piece of paper is stretched, the strip narrows and “necks down” as the molecules become align parallel to each other and in the same direction of the pull. This alteration of the 3 dimensional structure is not reversible, and if the pulling continues, the plastic breaks.

When the same pulling force is applied to a piece of paper, the paper tears rather than stretching to any significant extent. The cellulose molecules in the paper are held more rigidly in place and are not free to become aligned

a) – non toxic
-low cost
-stable overtime of intended use
-lack of solubility in body fluids

b) Contact lenses are made from polymethyl methacrylate and/or polycrylamide, which are non toxic and comfortable to wear

c) Soft contact lenses are made of pliable hydrophilic plastics called hydrogel, which absorbs significant amount of water to keep the lens soft while hard contact lenses are made from polymethyl methacrylate which are harder and requires more blinking of the eyes to produce tears that act like lubricant. Soft contact lenses, containing hydrogel having the ability to absorb water would be softer and thus would be easier to wear as compared to hard contact lenses.

Carbon atoms can different in the number of neutrons, and the number of electrons. Carbon atoms differ from uranium atoms by the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

14N and 15N represents very specific isotopes with mass numbers of 14 and 15 respectively while the symbol N just represent the element nitrogen and strands for the mixture of all isotopes.

(A) 94 protons
(B) Neptunium has 93 protons and Plutonium has 94 protons
(C) 86 protons

(A) Control rod assembly
(B) cooling water out of the core
(C) control rods
(D) cooling water into the core
(E) fuel rods

Reasons:

– The process is costly/expensive and requires a lot of energy.

– The desalination’s briny waste stream pollutes the ocean, which may lead to the destruction of local ecosystems.

– Quantity of water produced through desalination techniques is not as great.( low output and hence, not efficient )

Water-soluble vitamins are expected to be polar compounds while fat-soluble vitamins are expected to be non-polar compounds.

Only polar compounds are able to dissolve in polar solvents like water. Water-soluble vitamins have polar groups and hence, are soluble in polar solvents. Fat-soluble compounds are non-polar and are only soluble in Lipids.

a: Hanging your laundry is a natural way to dry clothes (instead of using a dryer which consumes electricity and energy)

b: By choosing to walk, bike or take public transportation instead of driving cars, it reduces NOx and SO2 emissions

c: Energy efficiency. Running dishwashers and washing machines with small loads is energy-inefficient

d: This minimizes heat loss, which helps to conserve energy

e: Saves shipping cost. It will also lessen the use of transport and reduce emissions

a. Burning coal will produce SO2 and SO3, forming acids when dissolved in water. Sulphuric acid will form tiny droplets and these droplets do not absorb sunlight. They reflect it, inducing visibility.

b. Carbonic acid dissociates slightly, leading to rain with a pH of 5.3
10 times more acidic of pH 5.3 will be pH 4.3

a) A charcoal briquette burns: exothermic because combustion has occurred resulting in heat radiating out

b) Water evaporates from your skin: endothermic because when water evaporates it changes from liquid to gaseous state and in the process energy is absorbed

c) Ice melts: endothermic because energy is absorbed when ice turns from solid to liquid state

Bond strength for the reactants has to be higher than the bond strength of products.
Bond energy (products) – bond energy (reactants) <0 for exothermic reactions
Therefore more energy is required to break the bonds for the reactants.

Heat exist in the form of energy while temperature is a measurement for it.
eg. Putting hot metal into cold water illustrates energy transfer where the hot metal will cool down while the water will heat up

a) The premium gasoline has octane rating of 98 where 98% is isooctane and 2% is heptane.

b) We cannot tell if the fuel contains oxygenates as the octane rating is only a ratio of hydrocarbon

a) A charcoal briquette burns: exothermic because combustion has occurred resulting in heat radiating out

b) Water evaporates from your skin: endothermic because when water evaporates it changes from liquid to gaseous state and in the process energy is absorbed

c) Ice melts: endothermic because energy is absorbed when ice turns from solid to liquid state

Bond strength for the reactants has to be higher than the bond strength of products.
Bond energy (products) – bond energy (reactants) <0 for exothermic reactions
Therefore more energy is required to break the bonds for the reactants.

Heat exist in the form of energy while temperature is a measurement for it.
eg. Putting hot metal into cold water illustrates energy transfer where the hot metal will cool down while the water will heat up

a) The premium gasoline has octane rating of 98 where 98% is isooctane and 2% is heptane.

b) We cannot tell if the fuel contains oxygenates as the octane rating is only a ratio of hydrocarbon