Exonormative standards: standards of language based on the metropolitan norms of the ‘mother’ country and outside of the place in question

Full passive: a paraphrase of an active clause where the object precedes the subject, and where the agent of the action is identified

Implicit Statistical Learning (ISL): innate ability to incidentally learn new information in which patterns and rules are embedded

Phonological Short-Term Memory (PSTM):a phonological store and an articulatory rehearsal mechanism which maintains decaying representations, that has the ability to retain sequences of sounds in memory over short periods of time.

Linguistic systemising: involves the extraction of structures and statistical regularities in a language; synonymous to statistical learning ability

Second Language Acquisition (SLA): the acquisition of a second language

Working memory: usually synonymous to ‘short term memory’, where information is instantaneously processed and stored temporally