References

Journal Articles

  1. Sri Mariati, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Jatna Supriatna and Raldi Hendro Koestoer., Habitat Loss of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Tesso Nilo Forest, Riau, Indonesia. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 8(2): 248-255, 2014
  2. Margono, B., Turubanova, S., Zhuravleva, I., Potapov, P., Tyukavina, A., Baccini, A., Goetz, S. and Hansen, M. (2012). Mapping and monitoring deforestation and forest degradation in Sumatra (Indonesia) using Landsat time series data sets from 1990 to 2010. Environmental Research Letters, 7(3), p.034010.
  3. Sitompul, Arnold Feliciano, “Ecology and Conservation of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Sumatra, Indonesia” (2011). Dissertations. Paper 355.
  4. Hedges a, S., J. Tyson, M., F. Sitompul, A., F. Kinnaird, M. and Gunaryadi, D. (2005). Distribution, status, and conservation needs of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 124(1), pp.35-48.
  5. Oelrichs, C. M., Lloyd, D. J. and Christidis, L. 2016. Strategies for mitigating forest arson and elephant conflict in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Tropical Conservation Science Vol. 9 (2): 565- 583. Available online: www.tropicalconservationscience.org

Websites

  1. Sumatran elephant found dead with five bullet wounds in chest, head. (2018, 14 February). Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/14/sumatran-elephant-found-dead-with-five-bullet-wounds-in-chest-head.html
  2. Pearl, H. (2015, 31 January). Slaughter of Sumatran Elephant Reaches New High. Retrieved from https://news.vice.com/article/slaughter-of-sumatran-elephants-reaches-new-high
  3. Elephant Poaching. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.eleaid.com/elephant-conservation/elephant-poaching/
  4. Elephas maximum ssp. sumatranus. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/199856/0
  5.  Muscat, J. (2016, 8 February). Saving the Sumatran Elephant from Extinction. Retrieved from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/saving-the-sumatran-elephant-from-extinction
  6. Habitat loss drives Sumatran elephants closer to extinction. (2012, 12 January). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?203227/Habitat-loss-drives-Sumatran-elephants-step-closer-to-extinction
  7. Issues: Human-elephant conflict. (n.d). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/asian_elephants/areas/issues/elephant_human_conflict/
  8. Asian elephants – threats. (n.d). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/asian_elephants/asianeleph_threats/
  9. About Sumatran Elephants. (n.d). Retrieved from https://www.wwf.or.id/en/about_wwf/whatwedo/forest_species/where_we_work/tessonilobukittigapuluh/focal_species/elephants/aboutsum_elephants/
  10. Rosen, R. J. (2012, 6 September). What is it About an Elephant’s Tusks that Make Them So Valuable? Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/09/what-is-it-about-an-elephants-tusks-that-make-them-so-valuable/262021/
  11. Asian Elephants: Threats and Solutions. (n.d). Retrieved from https://www.amnh.org/explore/science-bulletins/bio/documentaries/wild-at-heart-the-plight-of-elephants-in-thailand/asian-elephants-threats-and-solutions/
  12. What is Human-Elephant Conflict? (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.asianelephantsupport.org/what-is-humanelephant-conflict/
  13. Saving Sumatra’s Rarest Wildlife. (n.d). Retrieved from https://www.rainforesttrust.org/project/saving-sumatras-rarest-wildlife/
  14. Elephants poaching soars as Sumatran forests turn into plantations. (2014, 14 August). Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2014/08/elephant-poaching-soars-as-sumatran-forests-turn-into-plantations/
  15. Roberts, C. (2011, 10 June). Elephants and eco-tourism in northern Sumatra. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/direct/indonesia/9508142.stm
  16. Breyer, M. (2016, 8 November). 6 ways to help elephants. Retrieved from https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/6-ways-to-help-elephants
  17. Elephant conservation – what can I do to help elephants? (2017, 13 February). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/13/what-can-i-do-to-help-elephants
  18. Sumatran Elephant. (n.d) Retrieved from https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sumatran-elephant
  19. Human-Elephant Conflict. (n.d). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/human_elephant_conflict.cfm
  20. Sumatran Elephant. (n.d). Retrieved from https://www.wwf.or.id/en/about_wwf/whatwedo/forest_species/species/sumatran_elephant/
  21. WWF welcomes Indonesia government’s declaration of Tesso Nilo’s National Park. (2004, 5 August). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/?14596/WWF-welcomes-Indonesian-governments-declaration-of-Tesso-Nilo-National-Park
  22. Wildlife: Sumatran Elephant. (n.d). Retrieved from https://indonesia.wcs.org/Wildlife/Sumatran-Elephant.aspx
  23. The Other Elephants Under Threat (with Photo Gallery). (2017, 3 April). Retrieved from https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/9958/The-Other-Elephants-Under-Threat-with-Photo-Gallery.aspx
  24. Watts, J. (2013, 24 October). The battle to save Sumatra’s elephants from extinction. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/24/world/the-battle-to-save-sumatras-elephants/index.html
  25. Watts, J. (2012, 24 January). Sumatran elephant upgraded to critically endangered status. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jan/24/sumatran-elephant-upgraded-critically-endangered
  26. Suprayogi, B., Jito Sugardjito, J. & Lilley, R.P.H. (n.d). Management of Sumatran elephants in Indonesia: Problems and challenges. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ad031e/ad031e0a.htm
  27.  Hutadjulu, B. & Janis, R. (n.d). The care and management of domesticated elephants in Sumatra, Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ad031e/ad031e0a.htm
  28. Azmi, W. & Gunaryadi, D. (2011). Current Status of Asian Elephants in Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.asesg.org/PDFfiles/2012/35-55-Azmi.pdf
  29. Elephants in Indonesia. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.eleaid.com/country-profiles/elephants-indonesia/
  30. Jacobitz, S. (2018, 12 April). A better way forward for elephant tourism in Thailand. Retrieved from http://www.eco-business.com/opinion/a-better-way-forward-for-elephant-tourism-in-thailand/
  31.  Tangkahan – Sumatra. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.sumatra-indonesia.com/tangkahan.htm
  32. Sumatran elephant. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.bukitlawang.com/elephants
  33. Tangkahan – The Hidden Elephant Paradise. (n.d). Retrieved from http://sumatra-ecotravel.com/individualtours/tangkahan_paradise_for_elephants/
  34. Taken for a ride: Thousands of elephants exploited for tourism are held in cruel conditions. (2017, 7 July). Retrieved from https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/news/taken-ride-thousands-elephants-exploited-tourism-are-held-cruel-conditions
  35. Francis, J. (2014, 18 August). Elephant Tourism: Why the call of the wild is too loud to ignore. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/elephant-tourism-why-the-call-of-the-wild-is-too-loud-to-ignore-9676187.html

Images

  1. Logo from: https://www.pexels.com/photo/view-of-elephant-in-water-247431/
  2. Icons from: https://www.flaticon.com/