Another external factor which I would like to introduce to you, is the reinforcement contingencies. It is explained with the basis of reward and punishment, where behaviours that are rewarded are more likely to be repeated and behaviors which are punished are less likely. In the case of waste disposal in Singapore, regulations and incentives are more commonly used to monitor and reward individuals or corporates, for displaying or implementing pro-environmental behaviours or measures.

Singapore has implemented a series of regulations to help achieve a society of less or zero waste. It has mandated for large commercial premises (shopping malls and hotels) and businesses to use sustainable resources in packaging and minimising packaging waste overall.

Additionally, some companies like NTUC FairPrice gives incentives to consumers who bring their own bags – 10-cents with at least $10 purchase. While some businesses like Japanese Lifestyle Brand- Miniso impose 10-cents charge on customers for every plastic bag they use.

However, the question that I ask myself is, then why do people not bring their own bags when they go for grocery shopping? I often find myself assuming that it could be due to the low incentive rates or imposed charges which does not make a difference to the consumer’s decision, as it may be considered as an insignificant amount.

However, research explains that self-perception and intrinsic motivation shows that overly large incentives for behavior could reduce the tendency for one to engage in the desired behavior when the reward is not present. This could be the reason why companies or organizations will not increase the incentive for customers to develop pro-environmental behaviour. This is so that, people’s reduction of waste and consumption are genuinely for their care for the environment, and not for the incentives or rewards that comes with it.