Based on threat- and coping- appraisal processes, there are four coping strategies that an individual can engage in to cope with the threat.

Does the individual perceive the hazard as a threat and are there any actions they can take to prevent it from happening?

If the level of threat is low and they believe there are no solutions to the threat (low perceived response efficacy and low perceived self-efficacy), then no action will be taken.

If the level of threat is low and they know that there are solutions and, they are able to perform those solutions (high perceived response efficacy and high perceived self-efficacy), then they will carry out the necessary actions as a safety measure.

If the level of threat is high, they will engage in either adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies.