Climate change and its effects has led to disturbances to coral reef habitats. This would lead to a sharp decline of possibly 70% of the world’s coral reefs over the next 50 years, especially within the Coral Triangle as it consists a large proportion of the world’s coral reefs.

Overfishing and highly destructive techniques has led to an alarming decline in fish stocks to unsustainable levels especially for fishes that are essential to trade. Such fishes include Tuna, Grouper and Snappers.