Home ➞ Iconology ➞ Interpretations ➞ Add/Edit Interpretation Add/Edit – Interpretations Iconology - Simplified No. Identifier Painting An Allegory of Intemperance Death and the Miser Ship of Fools The Pedlar Representation ID Attribute Visual object or image identified in the painting Image position coordinates Image coordinates obtained using EHM image clipping tool Visual recognition Iconological or iconographical text extracted from textual sources. Insert citations in square brackets. Keywords Acceptance Adam and Eve Afterlife (Hereafter) Amulet Anger (Ira) Antichrist Aquarius Arabic astrology Ars moriendi Astrology Atheism (Rejection to religion) Bad luck (Misfortune) Beguines Blue boat (Blauwe Schuit) Brothel Calmness Captivity Carnivals Carrus navalis Catharism Catharsis Chivalry Christ Christianity Chronos Church Clergy Contemplation Contemptus mundi Corruption Creation (Genesis) Damnation Death Debauchery Deer (in mythology) Devil Dignity Disappointment Dishonesty Displacement Drudge Drunkenness Dualism (Cosmology) Duty Earth (Terra) Economy (Morality) Entertainment Envy (Invidia) Eroticism Everyman Evil Faith Falsity Fear Fertility Festivities Fidelity Folly Fool Foolishness Four temperaments Franciscans Freedom of choice Free will Friar Frivolity (Silliness) Gambrinus Gemini Gluttony (Gula) Gnosticism Good and evil Gossip Greed (Avarice or Avaritia) Greek astrology Happiness Hazel Health Heresy Honour Humility Hypocrisy Idleness Ignorance Illusion Inconstancy Indulgence Instability Intemperance Islam Isolation (Social) Jester Jews Jollification Jousting Judaism Judgement June Knighthood Knight of the Swan Knowledge La Fontaine's Philosophy Landscape Lascivious behavior Lethargy Loneliness Loss of direction Love Lunar (in mythology) Lust (Luxuria) Manichaeism Manual labour Matzo (Mazzah) May Maypole Melancholia Mental imbalance Mercury (in mythology) Miles Christianus (Christian soldier) Misanthropy Miser Monk Moon (Lunar) Moral emotions Morality Mortality Naivety Negligence Nobility Nudity Numerology Nun Obliviousness Old age Ottoman Empire Outcast Pain Parable of the Prodigal Son Parade Paradise Parzival Peddler Perspective Phlegmatic temperament Pilgrimage Pity Planetenkinder (Children of the planet) Poor Clares Poverty (Impoverishment) Pride (Superbia) Procuring Prodigality Profligacy Prostitution Punishment Purpose Redemption Reformation Rejuvenation Remedy Repentance Riots Salvation Saturn Schönbartbuch (Schembart Carnival) Seduction Self-reflection Selfishness Sense of direction Sensual pleasures Sexual immorality Sexuality Ship of Fools (Narrenschiff) Shoemaking Shrove Tuesday Sin Sloth (Acedia) Social classes Society Soul Spring Spring solstice Stupidity Suffering Summer Temptation Thief Time Tournaments Tree of evil Tree of good Tree of knowledge Tree of life Trinity Triumphs Uncertainty Usury Vagrancy Vanitas Vanity (Vanagloria) Virgo Virtues Voyage Wakefulness Wandering mind Wayfarer Weakness Wealth Wickedness Wilderness Wildness Wisdom World World upside down (mundus inversus) Youth Zodiac Other Keywords Category Carried out by "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 16th century "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 1908 "Death, from Grandes heures de Rohan", ca. 1401-1500 "Deathbed, from The Hours of Catherine of Cleves", ca. 1440 "de l’ouïe et du goût", ca. 1510-1520 "Detail, infrared reflectogram image of Death and the Miser", 1982 "Flight into Egypt", ca. 1500 "La barque d’Ëve", ca. 1510-1520 "May, from Hours of Joanna I of Castile", ca. 1486-1506 "Pedlar, from The Luttrell Psalter", ca. 1325-1340 "Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine", ca. 1185 "Reconstruction of Ship of Fools after Seymour", 1984 "Saturn, from Astrological treatises", 15th century "Saturn and his children, from Passauer Calendar", 1445 "Terra, from Engelberg Crucifix", ca. 1200 "The Tree of Life", 1502 Abraham, Levy & Cantera, 1939 Adhémar, 1962 Aertsen, 1556 Aesop, ca. 1501 Agrippa, 1910 Ainsworth, 2010 Ainsworth et al., 2012 Alexandre, 1892 Allberry, 1938 Allegory of Chasity at the Bardi Chapel, ca. 1325 Altdorfer, ca. 1515-1516 Anthonisz, 1541 Antoninus, 1449 Antwerper Liedboek, 1544 Ariès, 1981 Ars moriendi, ca. 1415-1450 Ars moriendi, ca. 1474 Atkins, 2017 Augustodunensis, ca. 1080-1156 Avé-Lallemant, 1858 Badius, 1498 Badius, 1498 (Frontispiece) Badius, 1500 Badius, 1502 Baldass, 1926 Baldass, 1938 Baldass, 1943 Baldass, 1959 Baldass, 1968 Baldini, ca. 1464 Baltrusaitis, 1955 Barbado, 1931 Bass & Wyckoff, 2015 Bauer, 1989 Bax, 1948 Bax, 1949 Bax, 1953 Bax, 1962 Bax, 1979 Bayley, 1919 Bayot, 1929 Beagle, 1982 Bedaux & Ekkart, 2000 Beer, 1957 Beets, 1938 Beets, 1946 Beets, 1954 Beham, 1535 Beham, ca. 1530-1562 Bellaert, 1486 Benesch, 1937 Benesch, 1957 Bening, 1500 Bening, ca. 1515 Bening, ca. 1530 Bergmans, 1936 Bevers, 1986 Bidez & Cumont, 1938 Biesheuvel, 2005 Bigwood, 1921 Binski, 1996 Bishop, 1918 Bisschop & Verwijs, 1870 Bloch, 1912 Bloemaert, After 1635 Bloomfield, 1952 Boczkowska, 1971 Bohnert, 1985 Boll & Bezold, 1931 Boll, 1913 Bolswert, ca. 1610-1620 Bonenfant, 1958 Boon, 1968 Bosch, 15th century Bosch, 16th century Bosch, ca. 1475 Bosch, ca. 1475-1500 Bosch, ca. 1485 Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Bosch, ca. 1490-1495 Bosch, ca. 1490-1500 Bosch, ca. 1494 (Ecce Homo) Bosch, ca. 1494 (Triptych of Adoration of the Magi) Bosch, ca. 1495–1500 Bosch, ca. 1498 Bosch, ca. 1500 Bosch, ca. 1500 (Johannes auf Patmos) Bosch, ca. 1500 (Temptations of St. Anthony) Bosch, ca. 1500 (The Pedlar) Bosch, ca. 1501-1505 Bosch, ca. 1504-1508 Bosch, ca. 1505 Bosch, ca. 1505-1510 Bosch, ca. 1510 Bosch, ca. 1512-1515 Bosch, ca. 1520-1545 Boschère, 1947 Bosing, 1987 Brabant, ca. 1460 Brands, 1921 Brans, 1948 Brant, 1494 Brant, 1498 Brant, 1498 (Frontispiece) Brant, 1500 Brant, 1854 Brant, 1944 Brant, 1962 Brant, 2011 Briffault, 1927 Brion, 1938 Brody, 1974 Bruegel, 1559 (Die niederländischen Sprichwörter) Bruegel, 1559 (Misanthropist) Bruegel, 1559 (The Fight between Carnival and Lent) Bruegel, 1562 Bruegel, 1564 Bruegel, 1565 Bruegel, 1565 (Der Frühling) Bruegel, 1567 Bruegel, 1568 Bruegel, 1568 (Les Mendiants ou Les Culs-de-jatte) Bruegel, 1568 (The Blind Leading the Blind) Bruegel, 1568 (The Magpie on the Gallows) Bruegel, 1574 Bruegel, ca. 1600-1624 Brummel, 1949 Bunyan, 1678 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908 Buytewech, ca. 1591-1624 Bücken & Steyaert, 2013 Calkins, 1978 Carefree living, ca. 1560 Cartellieri, 1929 Cats, 1642 Chailley, 1978 Chew, 1962 Ciceron, 1938 Cinotti, 1966 Cirlot, 1962 Cluse, 2000 Cohen, 1909 (Die Ausstellung des Goldenen Vlieses in Bru_gge, 1907) Cohen, 1909 (Hieronymus Bosch) Colenbrander, 2003 Combe, 1946 Combe, 1957 Comestor, ca. 1440 Condivi, 1927 Conway, 1921 Cooper, 1982 Crul, 1920 Cumont, 1942 Cuttler, 1957 Cuttler, 1968 Cuttler, 1969 D'Overflacque_e, 1932 Damascenus, 1879 Dante, ca. 1308-1321 Das Schiff der Flust, ca. 1360 da Vinci, ca. 1591-1624 de Beer, 1990 de Boschère, 1947 de Bruyn, 1601 de Bruyn, 1604 de Bruyn, 2001 de Bruyn, 2001 (Hieronymous Bosch's So-Called Prodigal Son Tondo) de Bruyn, 2017 de Cock, 1905 de Coster, 1867 de Diguleville, 1922 de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Pèlerinage de la vie humaine) de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Ship of Religion) de Haas, 1942 de Jode, 1590s de Jongh, 2000 de Julleville, 1889 de Laborde, 1929 Delaissé, 1959 Delevoy, 1960 Delevoy, 1990 de Mirimonde, 1971 Demonts, 1919 Demonts, 1920 de Mooij, 1992 de Mély, 1904 Der Melancholiker, 15th century de Roover, 1948 de Roover, 1967 Der verlorene Sohn beim Spiel im Freudenhaus, ca. 1520 de Tervarent, 1945 de Tervarent, 1958 de Tollenaere, 1941 de Tolnay, 1935 de Tolnay, 1937 de Tolnay, 1965 de Tolnay, 1966 Detroit Institute Arts, 1960 Devoghelaere, 1937 De Vos, 1967 Die vier Temperamente, ca. 1481 Dixon, 2003 Dolan, 1964 Donatello, ca. 1457-1464 Drescher, 1908 du Hameel, ca. 1478-1506 Dülberg, 1929 Dürer, 1494 (Frontispiece of Daß Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam) Dürer, 1494 (Of Serenading at Night) Dürer, 1514 Eisler, 1946 Eisler, 1946 (Zodiacal trines) Eisler, 1961 Eisler, 1977 Eliade, 1959 Elst, 1944 Elst, 1946 Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971 Engler, 1962 English Standard Version Bible, 2001 Enklaar, 1922 Enklaar, 1933 Enklaar, 1937 Enklaar, 1940 Enklaar, 1956 Erasmus, 1828 Erasmus, 1913 Essling & Müntz, 1902 Fabre-Vassas, 1997 Falkenburg, 1988 Faris, 1914 Fierens, 1936 Fierens, 1947 Fischart, 1969 Fischer, 2016 Follower of Dreux Jean, ca. 1468-1477 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, 15th century Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1555-1575 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1560 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1561 Follower of Pieter Bruegel, ca. 1550-1575 Follower of Pieter Huys, ca. 1560 Fourcaud, 1912 Fraenger, 1930 Fraenger, 1950 Fraenger, 1951 Fraenger, 1975 Fraenger, 1999 Francis, 1942 Frankfurter, 1952 Frey, 1957 Friedländer, 1927 Friedländer, 1935 Friedländer, 1969 Galle, ca. 1565 Ganz, 1924 Gaspar, 1932 Gerlach, 1939 Gerlach, 1978 Gerlach, 1979 Gibson, 1973 Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Dutch tradition) Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Mirror of Man) Gibson, 1983 Glück, 1904 Glück, 1933 Gossaert, 1919 Gossaert, ca. 1513-1515 Gossart, 1907 Gotthelf, 1948 Grimm, 1911 Gringore, 1512 Grossmann, 1955 Gundel, 1922 Gutekunst, 1899 Gérard, 1486-1487 Habig, 1973 Hals, ca. 1616-1617 Hammerstein, 1962 Hampe, 1902 Hand & Wolff, 1986 Hand, 1965 Hannema, 1931 Hannema, 1936 Hansen, 1984 Harms, 1970 Harrebomée, 1858 Harrebomée, 1861 Harrebomée, 1870 Harris, 1995 Hartau, 2001 Hartau, 2001 (Suche nach Glück bei nahem Untergang) Hartau, 2002 Hartau, 2005 Hartau, 2005 (Bosch and the Jews) Hartmann, 1493 Hauber, 1916 Heidrich, 1910 Heimann, 1990 Heitz, 1906 Hellerstedt, 1986 Hentze, 1932 Heremans, 1877 Hermans, 1867 Hildebrand, 1911 Hildegarde, 1903 Hilka, Schumann & Meyer, 1970 Hind, 1970 Holbein, ca. 1523 - 1525 Hollstein, 1949 Hooffacker, 1988 Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1510 (Mai) Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1515–1520 Huebner, 1943 Huebner, 1971 Huizinga, 1919 Hummelen, 1958 Huvenne, 1979 Ilsink, 2013 Ilsink, 2016 Ilsink et al., 2016 Ivanov, 1976 Janson, 1952 Jean de La Fontaine's philosophy, 17th century Jeltes, 1927 Jonas, 1958 Jonas, 1963 Justi, 1908 Kalff, 1884 Kalff, 1907 Kalff, 1923 Kasten, 1992 Kaye, 1998 Kempis, 1505 Klibansky, Panofsky & Saxl, 1964 Kohlhaussen, 1968 Koldeweij, Kooij & Vermet, 2001 Koldeweij, Vandenbroeck & Vermet, 2001 Konneker, 1966 Koomen, 1932 Koreny, 1986 Kozàky, 1944 Kren, McKendrick & Ainsworth, 2003 Kruyskamp, 1940 Labonnardiere, 1957 Laborde, 1923 Lacombe, 1963 Laenen, 1904 Lafond, 1914 Lammertse & van der Coelen, 2015 Lammertse, 1994 Lammertse, 2017 Langendijk, 1715 Laurent, ca. 1290-1300 (Gluttony) Laurent, ca. 1295 (Avarice) Leeber, 1939-1940 Leendertz Jr., 1907 Leendertz Jr., 1925 Leeu, 1492 Lefebvre, 1968 Le Goff, 1979 Lehrs, 1906 Leidinger, 1935 Le Juif errant: un témoin du temps, 2001 Lennep & Gouw, 1868 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1456 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1470 Leuvense Bijdragen IV, 1900-1902 Leuvense Bijdragen IX, 1910-1911 Levelt, 1924 Leymarie, 1949 Lindener, 1558 Lindner, 1912 Linfert, 1989 Lippmann, 1895 Liébault, 1582 Lottin, 1950 Lugt, 1968 Lurker, 1960 Lyna & van Eeghem, 1932 Långfors, 1921 Långfors, 1924 Maeterlinck, 1907 Mannhardt, 1858 Marijnissen, 1972 Marijnissen, 1976 Marijnissen, 1977 Marijnissen, 1987 Marijnissen, 2007 Maroto, 2001 Maroto, 2017 Marrow, 1977 Martindale & Bacchesch, 1969 Massys, 16th century Massys, ca. 1520-1525 Master of the Housebook, ca. 1475 Master of the Virgin among Virgins, ca. 1490 Mâle, 1908 Meadow, 1992 Meijer, 1946 Meiss, 1974 (French painting in the time of Jean de Berry) Meiss, 1974 (The Limbourgs and their contemporaries) Mellinkoff, 1993 Meurgey, 1930 Meyling, 1946 Michelangelo, 1533 Millar, 1953 Misero I, ca. 1465 Mollat, 1966 Monogrammist, ca. 1530 Morganstern, 1982 Morganstern, 1984 Moser, 1431 Moser, 1961 Mosmans, 1931 Mosmans, 1947 Moxey, 1985 Moxey, 1989 Müller, 1934 Nahuys, 1888 Nelson, 1969 Neumann, 1950 Neurdenburg, 1910 Nevitt, 2003 Newhauser, 1986 Nichols, 1992 Nielsen, 1904 Noonan, 1957 O'Brien-Moore, 1924 O'Connor, 1942 Offner & Steinweg, 1979 Olds, 1966 Oosterman, 2001 Orenstein, 2001 Owst, 1953 Panofsky & Saxl, 1933 Panofsky, 1939 Panofsky, 1953 Panofsky, Giehlow & Saxl, 1923 Parker, 2020 Parshall, 2001 Petrarch, 1532 Pfister, 1922 Philip, 1953 Philip, 1955 Philip, 1956 Philip, 1958 Philip, 1969 Pigler, 1950 Pleij, 1979 Pleij, 1983 Postan, 1963 Pourbus, c. 1547 Provoost, ca. 1515-1521 Puyvelde, 1956 Pächt, 1948 Pächt, 1950 Quarles, 1638 Quinot, 1962 Rabutaux, 1881 Rembert, 2004 Rembrandt, 1635 Renesse, 1900 Renger, 1969 Renger, 1970 Renger, 1976 Renouard, 1964 Reuterswärd, 1970 Rietstap, 1861 Ritter, Plessner & Mayriti, 1962 Romein & Romein, 1938 Roscher, 1878 Rosenberg, 1961 Rossiter, 1973 Rost, 16th century Rowlands, 1979 Ryckaert, ca. 1649 Saintyves, 1937 Sanger, 1897 Santurn (Lehrs), 15th century Sassen, 1885 Saturn (in Rome manuscript), 16th century Saturn (in Salone di Padua), 12th century Saturn (in Schermermar manuscript), 15th century Saturn and his 'Children' (Panofsky), 15th century Scaha gustationis sultae, 1500 Scháufelein, ca. 1525 Schedel, 1493 Schmitt, 1948 Schoemaker, ca. 1710-1735 Schönsperger, 1922 Schreiber & Zimmermann, 1937 Schreiber, 1926 Schretlen, 1925 Schürmeyer, 1923 Schwartz, 1997 Schwarz & Plagemann, 1937 Seligmann, 1953 Seymour, 1961 Shachar, 1974 Shestack, 1967 Silver, 1977 Silver, 1983 Silver, 1984 Silver, 1996 Silver, 2001 Silver, 2006 Silver, 2006 (Peasant scenes and landscapes) Silver, 2017 Sloet, 1890 Smeyers & Van der Stock, 1996 Smits, 1933 Snellaert, 1488 Solier, 1961 Speculum humanae salvationis, ca. 1466-1467 Spronk, 1998 Steen, ca. 1670 Stein-Schneider, 1984 Stoett, 1932 Stone-Ferrier, 1983 Strauss, 1926 Strauss, 1974 Stridbeck, 1956 Stürzinger, 1893 Suchier & Birch-Hirschfeld, 1913 Sudeck, 1931 Swain, 1932 Swelinck, 1627 Tallqvist, 1948 Tenenti, 1952 Tentler, 2003 Tentler, 2005 Terence, 2nd century BC The eating of the passover lamb, from Historia Scholastica, ca. 1450-1455 Thiele, 1898 Tinbergen, 1907 Titian, 1518 Tóth-Ubbens, 1987 Tuttle, 1981 Tuve, 1966 Universitätsbibliothek Basel & Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Breisgau, 1994 Valentiner & Suida, 1949 Valerius, 1942 van Andel, 1928 van Bastelaer, 1908 van Camp, 2017 van den Bossche, 1944 Vandenbroeck, 1981 Vandenbroeck, 1985 Vandenbroeck, 1987 Vandenbroeck, 1987 (Beeld van de andere, vertoog over het zelf) Vandenbroeck, 1989 Vandenbroeck, 2001 Vandenbroeck, 2002 Vandenbroeck, 2017 van der Heyden, 1559 van der Heyden, 1562 van der Heyden, 1562 (Marskramer door apen beroofd) van der Heyden, 1567 van der Heyden, 1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1551-1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1558 van de Venne, ca. 1625 Vandeweghe, 2017 van Dis & Erné, 1939 van Duyse, 1908 van Eyck, 1434 van Hemessen, 1536 van Hemessen, 1543 van Hemessen, ca. 1540 van Leyden, 1520 van Leyden, ca. 1520-1530 van Luttervelt, 1958 van Mander, 1604 van Meckenem, 15th century van Oestvoren, 1413 van Oostsanen, 1517 van Os, 1488 van Tricht, ca. 1492 van Wavere, ca. 1515 Venturi, 1945 Vermeylen, 1939 Verwijs & Verdam, 1885-1929 Verwijs, 1860 Verwijs, 1871 Vetter, 1955 Veurman & Bax, 1944 Vinken & Schlüter, 2000 Vinken, 1958 Visscher, 1614 von der Vogelweide, ca. 12-13th century von Eschenbach, ca. 1200-1210 von Fallersleben, 1855 von Fallersleben, 1968 von Kaysersberg, 1510 von Kaysersberg, 1511 von Seidlitz, 1935 Vostre, 1502 Wagner, 1845 Walker, 1975 Welsford, 1935 Werner, 1960 Wertheim Aymès, 1957 Wescher, 1946 Wieck, 1988 Wierix, ca. 1568 Wierix, ca. 1604 Wilhelm, 1990 Willshire, 1883 Winkel, 1922 Winkler, 1924 Winkler, 1951 Winternitz, 1967 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal II, 1882 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal III, 1912 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal IV, 1916 Workshop of Orcagna, 15th-16th century Workshop of Taddeo Gaddi, 14th century Yamey, 1989 Zupnick, 1968 Author(s) last name, year of publication Publication title Page location Page number or section where the visual recognition text is found. References Reference Source(s) (refersTo) Author(s) last name, year of publication. Separate each citation with "; " Reference source(s) - Short Citation "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 16th century "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 1908 "Death, from Grandes heures de Rohan", ca. 1401-1500 "Deathbed, from The Hours of Catherine of Cleves", ca. 1440 "de l’ouïe et du goût", ca. 1510-1520 "Detail, infrared reflectogram image of Death and the Miser", 1982 "Flight into Egypt", ca. 1500 "La barque d’Ëve", ca. 1510-1520 "May, from Hours of Joanna I of Castile", ca. 1486-1506 "Pedlar, from The Luttrell Psalter", ca. 1325-1340 "Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine", ca. 1185 "Reconstruction of Ship of Fools after Seymour", 1984 "Saturn, from Astrological treatises", 15th century "Saturn and his children, from Passauer Calendar", 1445 "Terra, from Engelberg Crucifix", ca. 1200 "The Tree of Life", 1502 Abraham, Levy & Cantera, 1939 Adhémar, 1962 Aertsen, 1556 Aesop, ca. 1501 Agrippa, 1910 Ainsworth, 2010 Ainsworth et al., 2012 Alexandre, 1892 Allberry, 1938 Allegory of Chasity at the Bardi Chapel, ca. 1325 Altdorfer, ca. 1515-1516 Anthonisz, 1541 Antoninus, 1449 Antwerper Liedboek, 1544 Ariès, 1981 Ars moriendi, ca. 1415-1450 Ars moriendi, ca. 1474 Atkins, 2017 Augustodunensis, ca. 1080-1156 Avé-Lallemant, 1858 Badius, 1498 Badius, 1498 (Frontispiece) Badius, 1500 Badius, 1502 Baldass, 1926 Baldass, 1938 Baldass, 1943 Baldass, 1959 Baldass, 1968 Baldini, ca. 1464 Baltrusaitis, 1955 Barbado, 1931 Bass & Wyckoff, 2015 Bauer, 1989 Bax, 1948 Bax, 1949 Bax, 1953 Bax, 1962 Bax, 1979 Bayley, 1919 Bayot, 1929 Beagle, 1982 Bedaux & Ekkart, 2000 Beer, 1957 Beets, 1938 Beets, 1946 Beets, 1954 Beham, 1535 Beham, ca. 1530-1562 Bellaert, 1486 Benesch, 1937 Benesch, 1957 Bening, 1500 Bening, ca. 1515 Bening, ca. 1530 Bergmans, 1936 Bevers, 1986 Bidez & Cumont, 1938 Biesheuvel, 2005 Bigwood, 1921 Binski, 1996 Bishop, 1918 Bisschop & Verwijs, 1870 Bloch, 1912 Bloemaert, After 1635 Bloomfield, 1952 Boczkowska, 1971 Bohnert, 1985 Boll & Bezold, 1931 Boll, 1913 Bolswert, ca. 1610-1620 Bonenfant, 1958 Boon, 1968 Bosch, 15th century Bosch, 16th century Bosch, ca. 1475 Bosch, ca. 1475-1500 Bosch, ca. 1485 Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Bosch, ca. 1490-1495 Bosch, ca. 1490-1500 Bosch, ca. 1494 (Ecce Homo) Bosch, ca. 1494 (Triptych of Adoration of the Magi) Bosch, ca. 1495–1500 Bosch, ca. 1498 Bosch, ca. 1500 Bosch, ca. 1500 (Johannes auf Patmos) Bosch, ca. 1500 (Temptations of St. Anthony) Bosch, ca. 1500 (The Pedlar) Bosch, ca. 1501-1505 Bosch, ca. 1504-1508 Bosch, ca. 1505 Bosch, ca. 1505-1510 Bosch, ca. 1510 Bosch, ca. 1512-1515 Bosch, ca. 1520-1545 Boschère, 1947 Bosing, 1987 Brabant, ca. 1460 Brands, 1921 Brans, 1948 Brant, 1494 Brant, 1498 Brant, 1498 (Frontispiece) Brant, 1500 Brant, 1854 Brant, 1944 Brant, 1962 Brant, 2011 Briffault, 1927 Brion, 1938 Brody, 1974 Bruegel, 1559 (Die niederländischen Sprichwörter) Bruegel, 1559 (Misanthropist) Bruegel, 1559 (The Fight between Carnival and Lent) Bruegel, 1562 Bruegel, 1564 Bruegel, 1565 Bruegel, 1565 (Der Frühling) Bruegel, 1567 Bruegel, 1568 Bruegel, 1568 (Les Mendiants ou Les Culs-de-jatte) Bruegel, 1568 (The Blind Leading the Blind) Bruegel, 1568 (The Magpie on the Gallows) Bruegel, 1574 Bruegel, ca. 1600-1624 Brummel, 1949 Bunyan, 1678 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908 Buytewech, ca. 1591-1624 Bücken & Steyaert, 2013 Calkins, 1978 Carefree living, ca. 1560 Cartellieri, 1929 Cats, 1642 Chailley, 1978 Chew, 1962 Ciceron, 1938 Cinotti, 1966 Cirlot, 1962 Cluse, 2000 Cohen, 1909 (Die Ausstellung des Goldenen Vlieses in Bru_gge, 1907) Cohen, 1909 (Hieronymus Bosch) Colenbrander, 2003 Combe, 1946 Combe, 1957 Comestor, ca. 1440 Condivi, 1927 Conway, 1921 Cooper, 1982 Crul, 1920 Cumont, 1942 Cuttler, 1957 Cuttler, 1968 Cuttler, 1969 D'Overflacque_e, 1932 Damascenus, 1879 Dante, ca. 1308-1321 Das Schiff der Flust, ca. 1360 da Vinci, ca. 1591-1624 de Beer, 1990 de Boschère, 1947 de Bruyn, 1601 de Bruyn, 1604 de Bruyn, 2001 de Bruyn, 2001 (Hieronymous Bosch's So-Called Prodigal Son Tondo) de Bruyn, 2017 de Cock, 1905 de Coster, 1867 de Diguleville, 1922 de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Pèlerinage de la vie humaine) de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Ship of Religion) de Haas, 1942 de Jode, 1590s de Jongh, 2000 de Julleville, 1889 de Laborde, 1929 Delaissé, 1959 Delevoy, 1960 Delevoy, 1990 de Mirimonde, 1971 Demonts, 1919 Demonts, 1920 de Mooij, 1992 de Mély, 1904 Der Melancholiker, 15th century de Roover, 1948 de Roover, 1967 Der verlorene Sohn beim Spiel im Freudenhaus, ca. 1520 de Tervarent, 1945 de Tervarent, 1958 de Tollenaere, 1941 de Tolnay, 1935 de Tolnay, 1937 de Tolnay, 1965 de Tolnay, 1966 Detroit Institute Arts, 1960 Devoghelaere, 1937 De Vos, 1967 Die vier Temperamente, ca. 1481 Dixon, 2003 Dolan, 1964 Donatello, ca. 1457-1464 Drescher, 1908 du Hameel, ca. 1478-1506 Dülberg, 1929 Dürer, 1494 (Frontispiece of Daß Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam) Dürer, 1494 (Of Serenading at Night) Dürer, 1514 Eisler, 1946 Eisler, 1946 (Zodiacal trines) Eisler, 1961 Eisler, 1977 Eliade, 1959 Elst, 1944 Elst, 1946 Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971 Engler, 1962 English Standard Version Bible, 2001 Enklaar, 1922 Enklaar, 1933 Enklaar, 1937 Enklaar, 1940 Enklaar, 1956 Erasmus, 1828 Erasmus, 1913 Essling & Müntz, 1902 Fabre-Vassas, 1997 Falkenburg, 1988 Faris, 1914 Fierens, 1936 Fierens, 1947 Fischart, 1969 Fischer, 2016 Follower of Dreux Jean, ca. 1468-1477 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, 15th century Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1555-1575 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1560 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1561 Follower of Pieter Bruegel, ca. 1550-1575 Follower of Pieter Huys, ca. 1560 Fourcaud, 1912 Fraenger, 1930 Fraenger, 1950 Fraenger, 1951 Fraenger, 1975 Fraenger, 1999 Francis, 1942 Frankfurter, 1952 Frey, 1957 Friedländer, 1927 Friedländer, 1935 Friedländer, 1969 Galle, ca. 1565 Ganz, 1924 Gaspar, 1932 Gerlach, 1939 Gerlach, 1978 Gerlach, 1979 Gibson, 1973 Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Dutch tradition) Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Mirror of Man) Gibson, 1983 Glück, 1904 Glück, 1933 Gossaert, 1919 Gossaert, ca. 1513-1515 Gossart, 1907 Gotthelf, 1948 Grimm, 1911 Gringore, 1512 Grossmann, 1955 Gundel, 1922 Gutekunst, 1899 Gérard, 1486-1487 Habig, 1973 Hals, ca. 1616-1617 Hammerstein, 1962 Hampe, 1902 Hand & Wolff, 1986 Hand, 1965 Hannema, 1931 Hannema, 1936 Hansen, 1984 Harms, 1970 Harrebomée, 1858 Harrebomée, 1861 Harrebomée, 1870 Harris, 1995 Hartau, 2001 Hartau, 2001 (Suche nach Glück bei nahem Untergang) Hartau, 2002 Hartau, 2005 Hartau, 2005 (Bosch and the Jews) Hartmann, 1493 Hauber, 1916 Heidrich, 1910 Heimann, 1990 Heitz, 1906 Hellerstedt, 1986 Hentze, 1932 Heremans, 1877 Hermans, 1867 Hildebrand, 1911 Hildegarde, 1903 Hilka, Schumann & Meyer, 1970 Hind, 1970 Holbein, ca. 1523 - 1525 Hollstein, 1949 Hooffacker, 1988 Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1510 (Mai) Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1515–1520 Huebner, 1943 Huebner, 1971 Huizinga, 1919 Hummelen, 1958 Huvenne, 1979 Ilsink, 2013 Ilsink, 2016 Ilsink et al., 2016 Ivanov, 1976 Janson, 1952 Jean de La Fontaine's philosophy, 17th century Jeltes, 1927 Jonas, 1958 Jonas, 1963 Justi, 1908 Kalff, 1884 Kalff, 1907 Kalff, 1923 Kasten, 1992 Kaye, 1998 Kempis, 1505 Klibansky, Panofsky & Saxl, 1964 Kohlhaussen, 1968 Koldeweij, Kooij & Vermet, 2001 Koldeweij, Vandenbroeck & Vermet, 2001 Konneker, 1966 Koomen, 1932 Koreny, 1986 Kozàky, 1944 Kren, McKendrick & Ainsworth, 2003 Kruyskamp, 1940 Labonnardiere, 1957 Laborde, 1923 Lacombe, 1963 Laenen, 1904 Lafond, 1914 Lammertse & van der Coelen, 2015 Lammertse, 1994 Lammertse, 2017 Langendijk, 1715 Laurent, ca. 1290-1300 (Gluttony) Laurent, ca. 1295 (Avarice) Leeber, 1939-1940 Leendertz Jr., 1907 Leendertz Jr., 1925 Leeu, 1492 Lefebvre, 1968 Le Goff, 1979 Lehrs, 1906 Leidinger, 1935 Le Juif errant: un témoin du temps, 2001 Lennep & Gouw, 1868 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1456 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1470 Leuvense Bijdragen IV, 1900-1902 Leuvense Bijdragen IX, 1910-1911 Levelt, 1924 Leymarie, 1949 Lindener, 1558 Lindner, 1912 Linfert, 1989 Lippmann, 1895 Liébault, 1582 Lottin, 1950 Lugt, 1968 Lurker, 1960 Lyna & van Eeghem, 1932 Långfors, 1921 Långfors, 1924 Maeterlinck, 1907 Mannhardt, 1858 Marijnissen, 1972 Marijnissen, 1976 Marijnissen, 1977 Marijnissen, 1987 Marijnissen, 2007 Maroto, 2001 Maroto, 2017 Marrow, 1977 Martindale & Bacchesch, 1969 Massys, 16th century Massys, ca. 1520-1525 Master of the Housebook, ca. 1475 Master of the Virgin among Virgins, ca. 1490 Mâle, 1908 Meadow, 1992 Meijer, 1946 Meiss, 1974 (French painting in the time of Jean de Berry) Meiss, 1974 (The Limbourgs and their contemporaries) Mellinkoff, 1993 Meurgey, 1930 Meyling, 1946 Michelangelo, 1533 Millar, 1953 Misero I, ca. 1465 Mollat, 1966 Monogrammist, ca. 1530 Morganstern, 1982 Morganstern, 1984 Moser, 1431 Moser, 1961 Mosmans, 1931 Mosmans, 1947 Moxey, 1985 Moxey, 1989 Müller, 1934 Nahuys, 1888 Nelson, 1969 Neumann, 1950 Neurdenburg, 1910 Nevitt, 2003 Newhauser, 1986 Nichols, 1992 Nielsen, 1904 Noonan, 1957 O'Brien-Moore, 1924 O'Connor, 1942 Offner & Steinweg, 1979 Olds, 1966 Oosterman, 2001 Orenstein, 2001 Owst, 1953 Panofsky & Saxl, 1933 Panofsky, 1939 Panofsky, 1953 Panofsky, Giehlow & Saxl, 1923 Parker, 2020 Parshall, 2001 Petrarch, 1532 Pfister, 1922 Philip, 1953 Philip, 1955 Philip, 1956 Philip, 1958 Philip, 1969 Pigler, 1950 Pleij, 1979 Pleij, 1983 Postan, 1963 Pourbus, c. 1547 Provoost, ca. 1515-1521 Puyvelde, 1956 Pächt, 1948 Pächt, 1950 Quarles, 1638 Quinot, 1962 Rabutaux, 1881 Rembert, 2004 Rembrandt, 1635 Renesse, 1900 Renger, 1969 Renger, 1970 Renger, 1976 Renouard, 1964 Reuterswärd, 1970 Rietstap, 1861 Ritter, Plessner & Mayriti, 1962 Romein & Romein, 1938 Roscher, 1878 Rosenberg, 1961 Rossiter, 1973 Rost, 16th century Rowlands, 1979 Ryckaert, ca. 1649 Saintyves, 1937 Sanger, 1897 Santurn (Lehrs), 15th century Sassen, 1885 Saturn (in Rome manuscript), 16th century Saturn (in Salone di Padua), 12th century Saturn (in Schermermar manuscript), 15th century Saturn and his 'Children' (Panofsky), 15th century Scaha gustationis sultae, 1500 Scháufelein, ca. 1525 Schedel, 1493 Schmitt, 1948 Schoemaker, ca. 1710-1735 Schönsperger, 1922 Schreiber & Zimmermann, 1937 Schreiber, 1926 Schretlen, 1925 Schürmeyer, 1923 Schwartz, 1997 Schwarz & Plagemann, 1937 Seligmann, 1953 Seymour, 1961 Shachar, 1974 Shestack, 1967 Silver, 1977 Silver, 1983 Silver, 1984 Silver, 1996 Silver, 2001 Silver, 2006 Silver, 2006 (Peasant scenes and landscapes) Silver, 2017 Sloet, 1890 Smeyers & Van der Stock, 1996 Smits, 1933 Snellaert, 1488 Solier, 1961 Speculum humanae salvationis, ca. 1466-1467 Spronk, 1998 Steen, ca. 1670 Stein-Schneider, 1984 Stoett, 1932 Stone-Ferrier, 1983 Strauss, 1926 Strauss, 1974 Stridbeck, 1956 Stürzinger, 1893 Suchier & Birch-Hirschfeld, 1913 Sudeck, 1931 Swain, 1932 Swelinck, 1627 Tallqvist, 1948 Tenenti, 1952 Tentler, 2003 Tentler, 2005 Terence, 2nd century BC The eating of the passover lamb, from Historia Scholastica, ca. 1450-1455 Thiele, 1898 Tinbergen, 1907 Titian, 1518 Tóth-Ubbens, 1987 Tuttle, 1981 Tuve, 1966 Universitätsbibliothek Basel & Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Breisgau, 1994 Valentiner & Suida, 1949 Valerius, 1942 van Andel, 1928 van Bastelaer, 1908 van Camp, 2017 van den Bossche, 1944 Vandenbroeck, 1981 Vandenbroeck, 1985 Vandenbroeck, 1987 Vandenbroeck, 1987 (Beeld van de andere, vertoog over het zelf) Vandenbroeck, 1989 Vandenbroeck, 2001 Vandenbroeck, 2002 Vandenbroeck, 2017 van der Heyden, 1559 van der Heyden, 1562 van der Heyden, 1562 (Marskramer door apen beroofd) van der Heyden, 1567 van der Heyden, 1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1551-1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1558 van de Venne, ca. 1625 Vandeweghe, 2017 van Dis & Erné, 1939 van Duyse, 1908 van Eyck, 1434 van Hemessen, 1536 van Hemessen, 1543 van Hemessen, ca. 1540 van Leyden, 1520 van Leyden, ca. 1520-1530 van Luttervelt, 1958 van Mander, 1604 van Meckenem, 15th century van Oestvoren, 1413 van Oostsanen, 1517 van Os, 1488 van Tricht, ca. 1492 van Wavere, ca. 1515 Venturi, 1945 Vermeylen, 1939 Verwijs & Verdam, 1885-1929 Verwijs, 1860 Verwijs, 1871 Vetter, 1955 Veurman & Bax, 1944 Vinken & Schlüter, 2000 Vinken, 1958 Visscher, 1614 von der Vogelweide, ca. 12-13th century von Eschenbach, ca. 1200-1210 von Fallersleben, 1855 von Fallersleben, 1968 von Kaysersberg, 1510 von Kaysersberg, 1511 von Seidlitz, 1935 Vostre, 1502 Wagner, 1845 Walker, 1975 Welsford, 1935 Werner, 1960 Wertheim Aymès, 1957 Wescher, 1946 Wieck, 1988 Wierix, ca. 1568 Wierix, ca. 1604 Wilhelm, 1990 Willshire, 1883 Winkel, 1922 Winkler, 1924 Winkler, 1951 Winternitz, 1967 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal II, 1882 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal III, 1912 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal IV, 1916 Workshop of Orcagna, 15th-16th century Workshop of Taddeo Gaddi, 14th century Yamey, 1989 Zupnick, 1968 Reference source title(s) Symbolic Content Type of Symbolic Content Textual Visual Symbolic Text Visual Code Specific text that the author refers to. Insert citations in square brackets. Textual symbolic source(s) "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 16th century "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 1908 "Death, from Grandes heures de Rohan", ca. 1401-1500 "Deathbed, from The Hours of Catherine of Cleves", ca. 1440 "de l’ouïe et du goût", ca. 1510-1520 "Detail, infrared reflectogram image of Death and the Miser", 1982 "Flight into Egypt", ca. 1500 "La barque d’Ëve", ca. 1510-1520 "May, from Hours of Joanna I of Castile", ca. 1486-1506 "Pedlar, from The Luttrell Psalter", ca. 1325-1340 "Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine", ca. 1185 "Reconstruction of Ship of Fools after Seymour", 1984 "Saturn, from Astrological treatises", 15th century "Saturn and his children, from Passauer Calendar", 1445 "Terra, from Engelberg Crucifix", ca. 1200 "The Tree of Life", 1502 Abraham, Levy & Cantera, 1939 Adhémar, 1962 Aertsen, 1556 Aesop, ca. 1501 Agrippa, 1910 Ainsworth, 2010 Ainsworth et al., 2012 Alexandre, 1892 Allberry, 1938 Allegory of Chasity at the Bardi Chapel, ca. 1325 Altdorfer, ca. 1515-1516 Anthonisz, 1541 Antoninus, 1449 Antwerper Liedboek, 1544 Ariès, 1981 Ars moriendi, ca. 1415-1450 Ars moriendi, ca. 1474 Atkins, 2017 Augustodunensis, ca. 1080-1156 Avé-Lallemant, 1858 Badius, 1498 Badius, 1498 (Frontispiece) Badius, 1500 Badius, 1502 Baldass, 1926 Baldass, 1938 Baldass, 1943 Baldass, 1959 Baldass, 1968 Baldini, ca. 1464 Baltrusaitis, 1955 Barbado, 1931 Bass & Wyckoff, 2015 Bauer, 1989 Bax, 1948 Bax, 1949 Bax, 1953 Bax, 1962 Bax, 1979 Bayley, 1919 Bayot, 1929 Beagle, 1982 Bedaux & Ekkart, 2000 Beer, 1957 Beets, 1938 Beets, 1946 Beets, 1954 Beham, 1535 Beham, ca. 1530-1562 Bellaert, 1486 Benesch, 1937 Benesch, 1957 Bening, 1500 Bening, ca. 1515 Bening, ca. 1530 Bergmans, 1936 Bevers, 1986 Bidez & Cumont, 1938 Biesheuvel, 2005 Bigwood, 1921 Binski, 1996 Bishop, 1918 Bisschop & Verwijs, 1870 Bloch, 1912 Bloemaert, After 1635 Bloomfield, 1952 Boczkowska, 1971 Bohnert, 1985 Boll & Bezold, 1931 Boll, 1913 Bolswert, ca. 1610-1620 Bonenfant, 1958 Boon, 1968 Bosch, 15th century Bosch, 16th century Bosch, ca. 1475 Bosch, ca. 1475-1500 Bosch, ca. 1485 Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Bosch, ca. 1490-1495 Bosch, ca. 1490-1500 Bosch, ca. 1494 (Ecce Homo) Bosch, ca. 1494 (Triptych of Adoration of the Magi) Bosch, ca. 1495–1500 Bosch, ca. 1498 Bosch, ca. 1500 Bosch, ca. 1500 (Johannes auf Patmos) Bosch, ca. 1500 (Temptations of St. Anthony) Bosch, ca. 1500 (The Pedlar) Bosch, ca. 1501-1505 Bosch, ca. 1504-1508 Bosch, ca. 1505 Bosch, ca. 1505-1510 Bosch, ca. 1510 Bosch, ca. 1512-1515 Bosch, ca. 1520-1545 Boschère, 1947 Bosing, 1987 Brabant, ca. 1460 Brands, 1921 Brans, 1948 Brant, 1494 Brant, 1498 Brant, 1498 (Frontispiece) Brant, 1500 Brant, 1854 Brant, 1944 Brant, 1962 Brant, 2011 Briffault, 1927 Brion, 1938 Brody, 1974 Bruegel, 1559 (Die niederländischen Sprichwörter) Bruegel, 1559 (Misanthropist) Bruegel, 1559 (The Fight between Carnival and Lent) Bruegel, 1562 Bruegel, 1564 Bruegel, 1565 Bruegel, 1565 (Der Frühling) Bruegel, 1567 Bruegel, 1568 Bruegel, 1568 (Les Mendiants ou Les Culs-de-jatte) Bruegel, 1568 (The Blind Leading the Blind) Bruegel, 1568 (The Magpie on the Gallows) Bruegel, 1574 Bruegel, ca. 1600-1624 Brummel, 1949 Bunyan, 1678 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908 Buytewech, ca. 1591-1624 Bücken & Steyaert, 2013 Calkins, 1978 Carefree living, ca. 1560 Cartellieri, 1929 Cats, 1642 Chailley, 1978 Chew, 1962 Ciceron, 1938 Cinotti, 1966 Cirlot, 1962 Cluse, 2000 Cohen, 1909 (Die Ausstellung des Goldenen Vlieses in Bru_gge, 1907) Cohen, 1909 (Hieronymus Bosch) Colenbrander, 2003 Combe, 1946 Combe, 1957 Comestor, ca. 1440 Condivi, 1927 Conway, 1921 Cooper, 1982 Crul, 1920 Cumont, 1942 Cuttler, 1957 Cuttler, 1968 Cuttler, 1969 D'Overflacque_e, 1932 Damascenus, 1879 Dante, ca. 1308-1321 Das Schiff der Flust, ca. 1360 da Vinci, ca. 1591-1624 de Beer, 1990 de Boschère, 1947 de Bruyn, 1601 de Bruyn, 1604 de Bruyn, 2001 de Bruyn, 2001 (Hieronymous Bosch's So-Called Prodigal Son Tondo) de Bruyn, 2017 de Cock, 1905 de Coster, 1867 de Diguleville, 1922 de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Pèlerinage de la vie humaine) de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Ship of Religion) de Haas, 1942 de Jode, 1590s de Jongh, 2000 de Julleville, 1889 de Laborde, 1929 Delaissé, 1959 Delevoy, 1960 Delevoy, 1990 de Mirimonde, 1971 Demonts, 1919 Demonts, 1920 de Mooij, 1992 de Mély, 1904 Der Melancholiker, 15th century de Roover, 1948 de Roover, 1967 Der verlorene Sohn beim Spiel im Freudenhaus, ca. 1520 de Tervarent, 1945 de Tervarent, 1958 de Tollenaere, 1941 de Tolnay, 1935 de Tolnay, 1937 de Tolnay, 1965 de Tolnay, 1966 Detroit Institute Arts, 1960 Devoghelaere, 1937 De Vos, 1967 Die vier Temperamente, ca. 1481 Dixon, 2003 Dolan, 1964 Donatello, ca. 1457-1464 Drescher, 1908 du Hameel, ca. 1478-1506 Dülberg, 1929 Dürer, 1494 (Frontispiece of Daß Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam) Dürer, 1494 (Of Serenading at Night) Dürer, 1514 Eisler, 1946 Eisler, 1946 (Zodiacal trines) Eisler, 1961 Eisler, 1977 Eliade, 1959 Elst, 1944 Elst, 1946 Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971 Engler, 1962 English Standard Version Bible, 2001 Enklaar, 1922 Enklaar, 1933 Enklaar, 1937 Enklaar, 1940 Enklaar, 1956 Erasmus, 1828 Erasmus, 1913 Essling & Müntz, 1902 Fabre-Vassas, 1997 Falkenburg, 1988 Faris, 1914 Fierens, 1936 Fierens, 1947 Fischart, 1969 Fischer, 2016 Follower of Dreux Jean, ca. 1468-1477 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, 15th century Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1555-1575 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1560 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1561 Follower of Pieter Bruegel, ca. 1550-1575 Follower of Pieter Huys, ca. 1560 Fourcaud, 1912 Fraenger, 1930 Fraenger, 1950 Fraenger, 1951 Fraenger, 1975 Fraenger, 1999 Francis, 1942 Frankfurter, 1952 Frey, 1957 Friedländer, 1927 Friedländer, 1935 Friedländer, 1969 Galle, ca. 1565 Ganz, 1924 Gaspar, 1932 Gerlach, 1939 Gerlach, 1978 Gerlach, 1979 Gibson, 1973 Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Dutch tradition) Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Mirror of Man) Gibson, 1983 Glück, 1904 Glück, 1933 Gossaert, 1919 Gossaert, ca. 1513-1515 Gossart, 1907 Gotthelf, 1948 Grimm, 1911 Gringore, 1512 Grossmann, 1955 Gundel, 1922 Gutekunst, 1899 Gérard, 1486-1487 Habig, 1973 Hals, ca. 1616-1617 Hammerstein, 1962 Hampe, 1902 Hand & Wolff, 1986 Hand, 1965 Hannema, 1931 Hannema, 1936 Hansen, 1984 Harms, 1970 Harrebomée, 1858 Harrebomée, 1861 Harrebomée, 1870 Harris, 1995 Hartau, 2001 Hartau, 2001 (Suche nach Glück bei nahem Untergang) Hartau, 2002 Hartau, 2005 Hartau, 2005 (Bosch and the Jews) Hartmann, 1493 Hauber, 1916 Heidrich, 1910 Heimann, 1990 Heitz, 1906 Hellerstedt, 1986 Hentze, 1932 Heremans, 1877 Hermans, 1867 Hildebrand, 1911 Hildegarde, 1903 Hilka, Schumann & Meyer, 1970 Hind, 1970 Holbein, ca. 1523 - 1525 Hollstein, 1949 Hooffacker, 1988 Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1510 (Mai) Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1515–1520 Huebner, 1943 Huebner, 1971 Huizinga, 1919 Hummelen, 1958 Huvenne, 1979 Ilsink, 2013 Ilsink, 2016 Ilsink et al., 2016 Ivanov, 1976 Janson, 1952 Jean de La Fontaine's philosophy, 17th century Jeltes, 1927 Jonas, 1958 Jonas, 1963 Justi, 1908 Kalff, 1884 Kalff, 1907 Kalff, 1923 Kasten, 1992 Kaye, 1998 Kempis, 1505 Klibansky, Panofsky & Saxl, 1964 Kohlhaussen, 1968 Koldeweij, Kooij & Vermet, 2001 Koldeweij, Vandenbroeck & Vermet, 2001 Konneker, 1966 Koomen, 1932 Koreny, 1986 Kozàky, 1944 Kren, McKendrick & Ainsworth, 2003 Kruyskamp, 1940 Labonnardiere, 1957 Laborde, 1923 Lacombe, 1963 Laenen, 1904 Lafond, 1914 Lammertse & van der Coelen, 2015 Lammertse, 1994 Lammertse, 2017 Langendijk, 1715 Laurent, ca. 1290-1300 (Gluttony) Laurent, ca. 1295 (Avarice) Leeber, 1939-1940 Leendertz Jr., 1907 Leendertz Jr., 1925 Leeu, 1492 Lefebvre, 1968 Le Goff, 1979 Lehrs, 1906 Leidinger, 1935 Le Juif errant: un témoin du temps, 2001 Lennep & Gouw, 1868 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1456 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1470 Leuvense Bijdragen IV, 1900-1902 Leuvense Bijdragen IX, 1910-1911 Levelt, 1924 Leymarie, 1949 Lindener, 1558 Lindner, 1912 Linfert, 1989 Lippmann, 1895 Liébault, 1582 Lottin, 1950 Lugt, 1968 Lurker, 1960 Lyna & van Eeghem, 1932 Långfors, 1921 Långfors, 1924 Maeterlinck, 1907 Mannhardt, 1858 Marijnissen, 1972 Marijnissen, 1976 Marijnissen, 1977 Marijnissen, 1987 Marijnissen, 2007 Maroto, 2001 Maroto, 2017 Marrow, 1977 Martindale & Bacchesch, 1969 Massys, 16th century Massys, ca. 1520-1525 Master of the Housebook, ca. 1475 Master of the Virgin among Virgins, ca. 1490 Mâle, 1908 Meadow, 1992 Meijer, 1946 Meiss, 1974 (French painting in the time of Jean de Berry) Meiss, 1974 (The Limbourgs and their contemporaries) Mellinkoff, 1993 Meurgey, 1930 Meyling, 1946 Michelangelo, 1533 Millar, 1953 Misero I, ca. 1465 Mollat, 1966 Monogrammist, ca. 1530 Morganstern, 1982 Morganstern, 1984 Moser, 1431 Moser, 1961 Mosmans, 1931 Mosmans, 1947 Moxey, 1985 Moxey, 1989 Müller, 1934 Nahuys, 1888 Nelson, 1969 Neumann, 1950 Neurdenburg, 1910 Nevitt, 2003 Newhauser, 1986 Nichols, 1992 Nielsen, 1904 Noonan, 1957 O'Brien-Moore, 1924 O'Connor, 1942 Offner & Steinweg, 1979 Olds, 1966 Oosterman, 2001 Orenstein, 2001 Owst, 1953 Panofsky & Saxl, 1933 Panofsky, 1939 Panofsky, 1953 Panofsky, Giehlow & Saxl, 1923 Parker, 2020 Parshall, 2001 Petrarch, 1532 Pfister, 1922 Philip, 1953 Philip, 1955 Philip, 1956 Philip, 1958 Philip, 1969 Pigler, 1950 Pleij, 1979 Pleij, 1983 Postan, 1963 Pourbus, c. 1547 Provoost, ca. 1515-1521 Puyvelde, 1956 Pächt, 1948 Pächt, 1950 Quarles, 1638 Quinot, 1962 Rabutaux, 1881 Rembert, 2004 Rembrandt, 1635 Renesse, 1900 Renger, 1969 Renger, 1970 Renger, 1976 Renouard, 1964 Reuterswärd, 1970 Rietstap, 1861 Ritter, Plessner & Mayriti, 1962 Romein & Romein, 1938 Roscher, 1878 Rosenberg, 1961 Rossiter, 1973 Rost, 16th century Rowlands, 1979 Ryckaert, ca. 1649 Saintyves, 1937 Sanger, 1897 Santurn (Lehrs), 15th century Sassen, 1885 Saturn (in Rome manuscript), 16th century Saturn (in Salone di Padua), 12th century Saturn (in Schermermar manuscript), 15th century Saturn and his 'Children' (Panofsky), 15th century Scaha gustationis sultae, 1500 Scháufelein, ca. 1525 Schedel, 1493 Schmitt, 1948 Schoemaker, ca. 1710-1735 Schönsperger, 1922 Schreiber & Zimmermann, 1937 Schreiber, 1926 Schretlen, 1925 Schürmeyer, 1923 Schwartz, 1997 Schwarz & Plagemann, 1937 Seligmann, 1953 Seymour, 1961 Shachar, 1974 Shestack, 1967 Silver, 1977 Silver, 1983 Silver, 1984 Silver, 1996 Silver, 2001 Silver, 2006 Silver, 2006 (Peasant scenes and landscapes) Silver, 2017 Sloet, 1890 Smeyers & Van der Stock, 1996 Smits, 1933 Snellaert, 1488 Solier, 1961 Speculum humanae salvationis, ca. 1466-1467 Spronk, 1998 Steen, ca. 1670 Stein-Schneider, 1984 Stoett, 1932 Stone-Ferrier, 1983 Strauss, 1926 Strauss, 1974 Stridbeck, 1956 Stürzinger, 1893 Suchier & Birch-Hirschfeld, 1913 Sudeck, 1931 Swain, 1932 Swelinck, 1627 Tallqvist, 1948 Tenenti, 1952 Tentler, 2003 Tentler, 2005 Terence, 2nd century BC The eating of the passover lamb, from Historia Scholastica, ca. 1450-1455 Thiele, 1898 Tinbergen, 1907 Titian, 1518 Tóth-Ubbens, 1987 Tuttle, 1981 Tuve, 1966 Universitätsbibliothek Basel & Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Breisgau, 1994 Valentiner & Suida, 1949 Valerius, 1942 van Andel, 1928 van Bastelaer, 1908 van Camp, 2017 van den Bossche, 1944 Vandenbroeck, 1981 Vandenbroeck, 1985 Vandenbroeck, 1987 Vandenbroeck, 1987 (Beeld van de andere, vertoog over het zelf) Vandenbroeck, 1989 Vandenbroeck, 2001 Vandenbroeck, 2002 Vandenbroeck, 2017 van der Heyden, 1559 van der Heyden, 1562 van der Heyden, 1562 (Marskramer door apen beroofd) van der Heyden, 1567 van der Heyden, 1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1551-1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1558 van de Venne, ca. 1625 Vandeweghe, 2017 van Dis & Erné, 1939 van Duyse, 1908 van Eyck, 1434 van Hemessen, 1536 van Hemessen, 1543 van Hemessen, ca. 1540 van Leyden, 1520 van Leyden, ca. 1520-1530 van Luttervelt, 1958 van Mander, 1604 van Meckenem, 15th century van Oestvoren, 1413 van Oostsanen, 1517 van Os, 1488 van Tricht, ca. 1492 van Wavere, ca. 1515 Venturi, 1945 Vermeylen, 1939 Verwijs & Verdam, 1885-1929 Verwijs, 1860 Verwijs, 1871 Vetter, 1955 Veurman & Bax, 1944 Vinken & Schlüter, 2000 Vinken, 1958 Visscher, 1614 von der Vogelweide, ca. 12-13th century von Eschenbach, ca. 1200-1210 von Fallersleben, 1855 von Fallersleben, 1968 von Kaysersberg, 1510 von Kaysersberg, 1511 von Seidlitz, 1935 Vostre, 1502 Wagner, 1845 Walker, 1975 Welsford, 1935 Werner, 1960 Wertheim Aymès, 1957 Wescher, 1946 Wieck, 1988 Wierix, ca. 1568 Wierix, ca. 1604 Wilhelm, 1990 Willshire, 1883 Winkel, 1922 Winkler, 1924 Winkler, 1951 Winternitz, 1967 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal II, 1882 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal III, 1912 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal IV, 1916 Workshop of Orcagna, 15th-16th century Workshop of Taddeo Gaddi, 14th century Yamey, 1989 Zupnick, 1968 Textual symbolic source title(s) Visual symbolic source(s) "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 16th century "Carrus Navalis in Schönbartbuch", 1908 "Death, from Grandes heures de Rohan", ca. 1401-1500 "Deathbed, from The Hours of Catherine of Cleves", ca. 1440 "de l’ouïe et du goût", ca. 1510-1520 "Detail, infrared reflectogram image of Death and the Miser", 1982 "Flight into Egypt", ca. 1500 "La barque d’Ëve", ca. 1510-1520 "May, from Hours of Joanna I of Castile", ca. 1486-1506 "Pedlar, from The Luttrell Psalter", ca. 1325-1340 "Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine", ca. 1185 "Reconstruction of Ship of Fools after Seymour", 1984 "Saturn, from Astrological treatises", 15th century "Saturn and his children, from Passauer Calendar", 1445 "Terra, from Engelberg Crucifix", ca. 1200 "The Tree of Life", 1502 Abraham, Levy & Cantera, 1939 Adhémar, 1962 Aertsen, 1556 Aesop, ca. 1501 Agrippa, 1910 Ainsworth, 2010 Ainsworth et al., 2012 Alexandre, 1892 Allberry, 1938 Allegory of Chasity at the Bardi Chapel, ca. 1325 Altdorfer, ca. 1515-1516 Anthonisz, 1541 Antoninus, 1449 Antwerper Liedboek, 1544 Ariès, 1981 Ars moriendi, ca. 1415-1450 Ars moriendi, ca. 1474 Atkins, 2017 Augustodunensis, ca. 1080-1156 Avé-Lallemant, 1858 Badius, 1498 Badius, 1498 (Frontispiece) Badius, 1500 Badius, 1502 Baldass, 1926 Baldass, 1938 Baldass, 1943 Baldass, 1959 Baldass, 1968 Baldini, ca. 1464 Baltrusaitis, 1955 Barbado, 1931 Bass & Wyckoff, 2015 Bauer, 1989 Bax, 1948 Bax, 1949 Bax, 1953 Bax, 1962 Bax, 1979 Bayley, 1919 Bayot, 1929 Beagle, 1982 Bedaux & Ekkart, 2000 Beer, 1957 Beets, 1938 Beets, 1946 Beets, 1954 Beham, 1535 Beham, ca. 1530-1562 Bellaert, 1486 Benesch, 1937 Benesch, 1957 Bening, 1500 Bening, ca. 1515 Bening, ca. 1530 Bergmans, 1936 Bevers, 1986 Bidez & Cumont, 1938 Biesheuvel, 2005 Bigwood, 1921 Binski, 1996 Bishop, 1918 Bisschop & Verwijs, 1870 Bloch, 1912 Bloemaert, After 1635 Bloomfield, 1952 Boczkowska, 1971 Bohnert, 1985 Boll & Bezold, 1931 Boll, 1913 Bolswert, ca. 1610-1620 Bonenfant, 1958 Boon, 1968 Bosch, 15th century Bosch, 16th century Bosch, ca. 1475 Bosch, ca. 1475-1500 Bosch, ca. 1485 Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Bosch, ca. 1490-1495 Bosch, ca. 1490-1500 Bosch, ca. 1494 (Ecce Homo) Bosch, ca. 1494 (Triptych of Adoration of the Magi) Bosch, ca. 1495–1500 Bosch, ca. 1498 Bosch, ca. 1500 Bosch, ca. 1500 (Johannes auf Patmos) Bosch, ca. 1500 (Temptations of St. Anthony) Bosch, ca. 1500 (The Pedlar) Bosch, ca. 1501-1505 Bosch, ca. 1504-1508 Bosch, ca. 1505 Bosch, ca. 1505-1510 Bosch, ca. 1510 Bosch, ca. 1512-1515 Bosch, ca. 1520-1545 Boschère, 1947 Bosing, 1987 Brabant, ca. 1460 Brands, 1921 Brans, 1948 Brant, 1494 Brant, 1498 Brant, 1498 (Frontispiece) Brant, 1500 Brant, 1854 Brant, 1944 Brant, 1962 Brant, 2011 Briffault, 1927 Brion, 1938 Brody, 1974 Bruegel, 1559 (Die niederländischen Sprichwörter) Bruegel, 1559 (Misanthropist) Bruegel, 1559 (The Fight between Carnival and Lent) Bruegel, 1562 Bruegel, 1564 Bruegel, 1565 Bruegel, 1565 (Der Frühling) Bruegel, 1567 Bruegel, 1568 Bruegel, 1568 (Les Mendiants ou Les Culs-de-jatte) Bruegel, 1568 (The Blind Leading the Blind) Bruegel, 1568 (The Magpie on the Gallows) Bruegel, 1574 Bruegel, ca. 1600-1624 Brummel, 1949 Bunyan, 1678 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908 Buytewech, ca. 1591-1624 Bücken & Steyaert, 2013 Calkins, 1978 Carefree living, ca. 1560 Cartellieri, 1929 Cats, 1642 Chailley, 1978 Chew, 1962 Ciceron, 1938 Cinotti, 1966 Cirlot, 1962 Cluse, 2000 Cohen, 1909 (Die Ausstellung des Goldenen Vlieses in Bru_gge, 1907) Cohen, 1909 (Hieronymus Bosch) Colenbrander, 2003 Combe, 1946 Combe, 1957 Comestor, ca. 1440 Condivi, 1927 Conway, 1921 Cooper, 1982 Crul, 1920 Cumont, 1942 Cuttler, 1957 Cuttler, 1968 Cuttler, 1969 D'Overflacque_e, 1932 Damascenus, 1879 Dante, ca. 1308-1321 Das Schiff der Flust, ca. 1360 da Vinci, ca. 1591-1624 de Beer, 1990 de Boschère, 1947 de Bruyn, 1601 de Bruyn, 1604 de Bruyn, 2001 de Bruyn, 2001 (Hieronymous Bosch's So-Called Prodigal Son Tondo) de Bruyn, 2017 de Cock, 1905 de Coster, 1867 de Diguleville, 1922 de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Pèlerinage de la vie humaine) de Diguleville, ca. 1330-1331 (Ship of Religion) de Haas, 1942 de Jode, 1590s de Jongh, 2000 de Julleville, 1889 de Laborde, 1929 Delaissé, 1959 Delevoy, 1960 Delevoy, 1990 de Mirimonde, 1971 Demonts, 1919 Demonts, 1920 de Mooij, 1992 de Mély, 1904 Der Melancholiker, 15th century de Roover, 1948 de Roover, 1967 Der verlorene Sohn beim Spiel im Freudenhaus, ca. 1520 de Tervarent, 1945 de Tervarent, 1958 de Tollenaere, 1941 de Tolnay, 1935 de Tolnay, 1937 de Tolnay, 1965 de Tolnay, 1966 Detroit Institute Arts, 1960 Devoghelaere, 1937 De Vos, 1967 Die vier Temperamente, ca. 1481 Dixon, 2003 Dolan, 1964 Donatello, ca. 1457-1464 Drescher, 1908 du Hameel, ca. 1478-1506 Dülberg, 1929 Dürer, 1494 (Frontispiece of Daß Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam) Dürer, 1494 (Of Serenading at Night) Dürer, 1514 Eisler, 1946 Eisler, 1946 (Zodiacal trines) Eisler, 1961 Eisler, 1977 Eliade, 1959 Elst, 1944 Elst, 1946 Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971 Engler, 1962 English Standard Version Bible, 2001 Enklaar, 1922 Enklaar, 1933 Enklaar, 1937 Enklaar, 1940 Enklaar, 1956 Erasmus, 1828 Erasmus, 1913 Essling & Müntz, 1902 Fabre-Vassas, 1997 Falkenburg, 1988 Faris, 1914 Fierens, 1936 Fierens, 1947 Fischart, 1969 Fischer, 2016 Follower of Dreux Jean, ca. 1468-1477 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, 15th century Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1485-1490 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1555-1575 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1560 Follower of Jheronimus Bosch, ca. 1561 Follower of Pieter Bruegel, ca. 1550-1575 Follower of Pieter Huys, ca. 1560 Fourcaud, 1912 Fraenger, 1930 Fraenger, 1950 Fraenger, 1951 Fraenger, 1975 Fraenger, 1999 Francis, 1942 Frankfurter, 1952 Frey, 1957 Friedländer, 1927 Friedländer, 1935 Friedländer, 1969 Galle, ca. 1565 Ganz, 1924 Gaspar, 1932 Gerlach, 1939 Gerlach, 1978 Gerlach, 1979 Gibson, 1973 Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Dutch tradition) Gibson, 1973 (Hieronymus Bosch and the Mirror of Man) Gibson, 1983 Glück, 1904 Glück, 1933 Gossaert, 1919 Gossaert, ca. 1513-1515 Gossart, 1907 Gotthelf, 1948 Grimm, 1911 Gringore, 1512 Grossmann, 1955 Gundel, 1922 Gutekunst, 1899 Gérard, 1486-1487 Habig, 1973 Hals, ca. 1616-1617 Hammerstein, 1962 Hampe, 1902 Hand & Wolff, 1986 Hand, 1965 Hannema, 1931 Hannema, 1936 Hansen, 1984 Harms, 1970 Harrebomée, 1858 Harrebomée, 1861 Harrebomée, 1870 Harris, 1995 Hartau, 2001 Hartau, 2001 (Suche nach Glück bei nahem Untergang) Hartau, 2002 Hartau, 2005 Hartau, 2005 (Bosch and the Jews) Hartmann, 1493 Hauber, 1916 Heidrich, 1910 Heimann, 1990 Heitz, 1906 Hellerstedt, 1986 Hentze, 1932 Heremans, 1877 Hermans, 1867 Hildebrand, 1911 Hildegarde, 1903 Hilka, Schumann & Meyer, 1970 Hind, 1970 Holbein, ca. 1523 - 1525 Hollstein, 1949 Hooffacker, 1988 Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1510 (Mai) Horenbout, Bening & Bening, ca. 1515–1520 Huebner, 1943 Huebner, 1971 Huizinga, 1919 Hummelen, 1958 Huvenne, 1979 Ilsink, 2013 Ilsink, 2016 Ilsink et al., 2016 Ivanov, 1976 Janson, 1952 Jean de La Fontaine's philosophy, 17th century Jeltes, 1927 Jonas, 1958 Jonas, 1963 Justi, 1908 Kalff, 1884 Kalff, 1907 Kalff, 1923 Kasten, 1992 Kaye, 1998 Kempis, 1505 Klibansky, Panofsky & Saxl, 1964 Kohlhaussen, 1968 Koldeweij, Kooij & Vermet, 2001 Koldeweij, Vandenbroeck & Vermet, 2001 Konneker, 1966 Koomen, 1932 Koreny, 1986 Kozàky, 1944 Kren, McKendrick & Ainsworth, 2003 Kruyskamp, 1940 Labonnardiere, 1957 Laborde, 1923 Lacombe, 1963 Laenen, 1904 Lafond, 1914 Lammertse & van der Coelen, 2015 Lammertse, 1994 Lammertse, 2017 Langendijk, 1715 Laurent, ca. 1290-1300 (Gluttony) Laurent, ca. 1295 (Avarice) Leeber, 1939-1940 Leendertz Jr., 1907 Leendertz Jr., 1925 Leeu, 1492 Lefebvre, 1968 Le Goff, 1979 Lehrs, 1906 Leidinger, 1935 Le Juif errant: un témoin du temps, 2001 Lennep & Gouw, 1868 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1456 Le Tavernier & Miélot, ca. 1470 Leuvense Bijdragen IV, 1900-1902 Leuvense Bijdragen IX, 1910-1911 Levelt, 1924 Leymarie, 1949 Lindener, 1558 Lindner, 1912 Linfert, 1989 Lippmann, 1895 Liébault, 1582 Lottin, 1950 Lugt, 1968 Lurker, 1960 Lyna & van Eeghem, 1932 Långfors, 1921 Långfors, 1924 Maeterlinck, 1907 Mannhardt, 1858 Marijnissen, 1972 Marijnissen, 1976 Marijnissen, 1977 Marijnissen, 1987 Marijnissen, 2007 Maroto, 2001 Maroto, 2017 Marrow, 1977 Martindale & Bacchesch, 1969 Massys, 16th century Massys, ca. 1520-1525 Master of the Housebook, ca. 1475 Master of the Virgin among Virgins, ca. 1490 Mâle, 1908 Meadow, 1992 Meijer, 1946 Meiss, 1974 (French painting in the time of Jean de Berry) Meiss, 1974 (The Limbourgs and their contemporaries) Mellinkoff, 1993 Meurgey, 1930 Meyling, 1946 Michelangelo, 1533 Millar, 1953 Misero I, ca. 1465 Mollat, 1966 Monogrammist, ca. 1530 Morganstern, 1982 Morganstern, 1984 Moser, 1431 Moser, 1961 Mosmans, 1931 Mosmans, 1947 Moxey, 1985 Moxey, 1989 Müller, 1934 Nahuys, 1888 Nelson, 1969 Neumann, 1950 Neurdenburg, 1910 Nevitt, 2003 Newhauser, 1986 Nichols, 1992 Nielsen, 1904 Noonan, 1957 O'Brien-Moore, 1924 O'Connor, 1942 Offner & Steinweg, 1979 Olds, 1966 Oosterman, 2001 Orenstein, 2001 Owst, 1953 Panofsky & Saxl, 1933 Panofsky, 1939 Panofsky, 1953 Panofsky, Giehlow & Saxl, 1923 Parker, 2020 Parshall, 2001 Petrarch, 1532 Pfister, 1922 Philip, 1953 Philip, 1955 Philip, 1956 Philip, 1958 Philip, 1969 Pigler, 1950 Pleij, 1979 Pleij, 1983 Postan, 1963 Pourbus, c. 1547 Provoost, ca. 1515-1521 Puyvelde, 1956 Pächt, 1948 Pächt, 1950 Quarles, 1638 Quinot, 1962 Rabutaux, 1881 Rembert, 2004 Rembrandt, 1635 Renesse, 1900 Renger, 1969 Renger, 1970 Renger, 1976 Renouard, 1964 Reuterswärd, 1970 Rietstap, 1861 Ritter, Plessner & Mayriti, 1962 Romein & Romein, 1938 Roscher, 1878 Rosenberg, 1961 Rossiter, 1973 Rost, 16th century Rowlands, 1979 Ryckaert, ca. 1649 Saintyves, 1937 Sanger, 1897 Santurn (Lehrs), 15th century Sassen, 1885 Saturn (in Rome manuscript), 16th century Saturn (in Salone di Padua), 12th century Saturn (in Schermermar manuscript), 15th century Saturn and his 'Children' (Panofsky), 15th century Scaha gustationis sultae, 1500 Scháufelein, ca. 1525 Schedel, 1493 Schmitt, 1948 Schoemaker, ca. 1710-1735 Schönsperger, 1922 Schreiber & Zimmermann, 1937 Schreiber, 1926 Schretlen, 1925 Schürmeyer, 1923 Schwartz, 1997 Schwarz & Plagemann, 1937 Seligmann, 1953 Seymour, 1961 Shachar, 1974 Shestack, 1967 Silver, 1977 Silver, 1983 Silver, 1984 Silver, 1996 Silver, 2001 Silver, 2006 Silver, 2006 (Peasant scenes and landscapes) Silver, 2017 Sloet, 1890 Smeyers & Van der Stock, 1996 Smits, 1933 Snellaert, 1488 Solier, 1961 Speculum humanae salvationis, ca. 1466-1467 Spronk, 1998 Steen, ca. 1670 Stein-Schneider, 1984 Stoett, 1932 Stone-Ferrier, 1983 Strauss, 1926 Strauss, 1974 Stridbeck, 1956 Stürzinger, 1893 Suchier & Birch-Hirschfeld, 1913 Sudeck, 1931 Swain, 1932 Swelinck, 1627 Tallqvist, 1948 Tenenti, 1952 Tentler, 2003 Tentler, 2005 Terence, 2nd century BC The eating of the passover lamb, from Historia Scholastica, ca. 1450-1455 Thiele, 1898 Tinbergen, 1907 Titian, 1518 Tóth-Ubbens, 1987 Tuttle, 1981 Tuve, 1966 Universitätsbibliothek Basel & Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Breisgau, 1994 Valentiner & Suida, 1949 Valerius, 1942 van Andel, 1928 van Bastelaer, 1908 van Camp, 2017 van den Bossche, 1944 Vandenbroeck, 1981 Vandenbroeck, 1985 Vandenbroeck, 1987 Vandenbroeck, 1987 (Beeld van de andere, vertoog over het zelf) Vandenbroeck, 1989 Vandenbroeck, 2001 Vandenbroeck, 2002 Vandenbroeck, 2017 van der Heyden, 1559 van der Heyden, 1562 van der Heyden, 1562 (Marskramer door apen beroofd) van der Heyden, 1567 van der Heyden, 1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1551-1570 van der Heyden, ca. 1558 van de Venne, ca. 1625 Vandeweghe, 2017 van Dis & Erné, 1939 van Duyse, 1908 van Eyck, 1434 van Hemessen, 1536 van Hemessen, 1543 van Hemessen, ca. 1540 van Leyden, 1520 van Leyden, ca. 1520-1530 van Luttervelt, 1958 van Mander, 1604 van Meckenem, 15th century van Oestvoren, 1413 van Oostsanen, 1517 van Os, 1488 van Tricht, ca. 1492 van Wavere, ca. 1515 Venturi, 1945 Vermeylen, 1939 Verwijs & Verdam, 1885-1929 Verwijs, 1860 Verwijs, 1871 Vetter, 1955 Veurman & Bax, 1944 Vinken & Schlüter, 2000 Vinken, 1958 Visscher, 1614 von der Vogelweide, ca. 12-13th century von Eschenbach, ca. 1200-1210 von Fallersleben, 1855 von Fallersleben, 1968 von Kaysersberg, 1510 von Kaysersberg, 1511 von Seidlitz, 1935 Vostre, 1502 Wagner, 1845 Walker, 1975 Welsford, 1935 Werner, 1960 Wertheim Aymès, 1957 Wescher, 1946 Wieck, 1988 Wierix, ca. 1568 Wierix, ca. 1604 Wilhelm, 1990 Willshire, 1883 Winkel, 1922 Winkler, 1924 Winkler, 1951 Winternitz, 1967 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal II, 1882 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal III, 1912 Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal IV, 1916 Workshop of Orcagna, 15th-16th century Workshop of Taddeo Gaddi, 14th century Yamey, 1989 Zupnick, 1968 Visual symbolic source title(s) Visual symbolic source Informational Analysis Conception of Information According to Furner (2004) Utterances Situations Thoughts Informativeness Relevance (Iconographical) Relevance (Iconological) Communication Layers of meaning According to van Straten (1994) Views of reality According 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