The dogs could be born unhealthy. This is because it would not be 100% the same. It would result to different temperament as compared to the original. Cloning could result to ethical and moral concerns as well. This could be undesirable as dogs are vulnerable to diseases and viruses and could give unintentioned breeding results.

Pros :
1. It is cheaper which could last longer as well
2. It is said to have input more nutrients to replenish the lack of it

Cons.
1. It could contaminate and cause a diminish in the wild life.
2.It could develop allergies when the cross breeding is not suitable.

a. C6(H20)6
b.
c. No, different sweetness. Different isomers of fructose have different chemical properties and likely to have different degree of sweetness.

It is simply not possible for something to be free of chemicals. Water is a chemical too. There may be chemicals that exist in the soil that the crops are being grown in. Hence, even though they are organic, they are not chemical free.

Certified organic food must be grown on land that has not been treated with prohibited substances for 36 months, but many pesticides and metals remain in the soil for longer than 3 years.

Chemical free products are just a gimmick for you to pay more. Chemical properties are the same for the same chemical, even though it may come from a man-made source.

A . Exothermic , Burning of coal results in releasing energy
B. Endothermic , Water molecules must absorb heat from the surrounding to evaporate , hence causes us to feel cool when water evaporates from our skin.
C. Endothermic , By absorbing heat from the atmosphere to melt. When ice melts at room temperature , it absorbs energy from the surroundings air but not at the Arctic where temperature is less than 0 degrees.

When relative bond strengths of the reactants are less than the relative bond strengths of the products , it would cause the net energy to be more than 0. Exothermic reactions releases heat whereby the bond difference must be tremendous and huge such that ab explosion would occur.
The greater the bond energy difference , the stronger the explosion where if the energy difference is negative , the explosion would be stronger.

In a cold bathroom , running hot water the bath temperature is at 42 degrees. Tthis causes the whole bathroom to be humid and steamed up. This is illustrated as heat.

However in a cold bathroom , where a beaker of water would just be boiled at 100 degrees would be denoted as temperature.

Heat is transfer of energy while Temperature is measuring how fast the particles in a substance are moving.
Hence by touching a hot cup of water , we would feel the heat on to our finger tips . However the temperature cannot be felt and changes.

a) 98% isooctane and 2% n- heptane. This gasoline has a high resistance to knocking. The higher the octane rating, the higher the resistance to knocking.

b) It does not tell us if the fuel contains oxygenates.

Acetone dissolves the polymer which allows gas of the foaming agent to escape. The polymer collapses on itself and thus it becomes denser as the gas is being removed.

a. It cannot be used as it does not have the required strength to withstand its resistance.

b. The molecules of HDPE must be lined up in a way that produces the required strength. Hence, the use of the liner of HDPE allows sufficient flexibility.

Plastic is a series of long chain polymers. These chains stretch when they are all aligned and facing the same direction. Other plastics have polymer chains facing in cross directions. These plastics are stiff and often brittle. Paper is similar to cross linked polymers and does not stretch.

a. The benefits for polymers intended for use should far outweigh any risks. The 2 main properties are 1) stable over time of intended use and 2) non toxic. Other factors include low cost, lack of solubility in body fluids, lack of reactivity in body fluids in the case of implantation.

b. Several types of contact lenses are on the market and each uses a different type of polymer. Polymathy methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the earliest polymers used for rigid gas permeable lenses, is structurally similar to Lucite and Plexiglas. Silicone-acrylate materials are more commonly used. Desirable properties include being non-toxic, permeable to oxygen, comfortable to wear and inexpensive. Contact lenses should conform to eyeshape and also be easily cleaned or disposed.

c. Hard contact lenses are made of PMMA, a rigid non-gas permeable plastic. Soft lenses are made of silicone, which is flexible and allows oxygen to reach the eye. Thus, soft lenses are more comfortable and easier to wear.

They can differ from another by having different number of neutrons (isotopes). They can also differ from another by having different number of electrons (ions).
Uranium atoms differ from carbon atoms as they both have different number protons, electrons and neutrons. They also have different chemical properties.

Chemical symbol N represents the element Nitrogen, which is the percentage of all the isotopes of Nitrogen that is naturally occurring. However, the representations 14N and 15N are for specific isotopes that have masses 14 and 15 respectively.

a) 94
b) Neptunium, Plutonium
c) 86

A: Control rod assembly
B: Cooling water out of the core
C: Control rods
D: Cooling water into the core
E: Fuel rods

A mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets.
Soot, dust. ash.
PM 2.5 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 2.5 mm or less. It is implicated in heart diseases and is riskier than PM10 particles.
PM10 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 10mm or less. It can easily get into lungs.

(a) 0.9/100 = 0.009 = 9 000 ppm
(b) 20 – 50 –> 0.00002 – 0.00005 = 0.002% – 0.005%
0 – 2 ppm –> 0 – 0.000002 = 0% – 0.0002%
(c) 50 000 ppm = 0.05 = 5%
(d) 10ppm –> 0.00001 = 0.001%

3. Consider this representation of the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3).

a. Are the masses of reactants and products the same?
b. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
c. Are the total number of atoms in the reactants and the total number of atoms in the products the same?

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes

Numerically wise, 0.01ppm does not show that there is a significant increase over the permissible limit. However, 8% shows a much more significant and severe increase and that users should be cautious about the increase over the permissible limit.

Yes. Pollution is mainly caused by road traffic. Sitting in the car and being in traffic give you greater exposure to the exhausted air and air pollution in the surrounding as compared to pedestrians. Passengers are in closer contact with the pollutants and the cabin is not a protection.

NIL.

A mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets.
Soot, dust, ash.
PM2.5 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 2.5mm or less. It is implicated in heart diseases. It is riskier than PM 10 particles.
PM10 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 10mm or less. It can easily get into lungs.

(a) 0.9/100 = 0.009 = 9 000 ppm
(b) 20 – 50 –> 0.00002 – 0.00005 = 0.002% – 0.005%
0 – 2 ppm –> 0 – 0.000002 = 0% – 0.0002%
(c)50 000 ppm = 0.05 = 5%
(d) 10 ppm –> 0.00001 = 0.001%

3. Consider this representation of the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3).

a. Are the masses of reactants and products the same?
b. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
c. Are the total number of atoms in the reactants and the total number of atoms in the products the same?

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes

Numerically wise, 0.01 ppm does not show that there is a significant increase over the permissible limit. However, 8% shows a much more severe and significant increase and that users should be cautious about the increase over the permissible limit.

Yes. Pollution is mainly caused by road traffic. Sitting in the car and being in traffic gives you greater exposure to the exhausted air and air pollution in the surrounding air compared to pedestrians. Passengers are in closer contact with the pollutants and the cabin is not a protection.

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