Session 1

SIMBA

ngxi0018
Group 38 Group Name : SIMBA
Group Members :
ROSHINI DEVI D/O MOHAN, LUCIA LIM JIN SHI, NG XIN YI, JENNIFER THOMAS, FOO XIN TING, ANG LEH SHUEN
1. What is the particulate matter? Give three examples of particulate matter found in air. Explain the difference between PM2.5 and PM10 in terms of size and health effects.

A mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets.
Soot, dust. ash.
PM 2.5 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 2.5 mm or less. It is implicated in heart diseases and is riskier than PM10 particles.
PM10 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 10mm or less. It can easily get into lungs.
2a. The concentration of argon in air is approximately 0.9%. Express this value in ppm.
b. The air exhaled from the lungs of a smoker has a concentration of 20–50 ppm CO. In contrast, air exhaled by non-smokers is 0–2 ppm CO. Express each concentration as a percent.
c. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
d. In the dry polar regions, water vapour may be a mere 10 ppm. Express this as a percent.

(a) 0.9/100 = 0.009 = 9 000 ppm
(b) 20 – 50 –> 0.00002 – 0.00005 = 0.002% – 0.005%
0 – 2 ppm –> 0 – 0.000002 = 0% – 0.0002%
(c) 50 000 ppm = 0.05 = 5%
(d) 10ppm –> 0.00001 = 0.001%
3. Consider this representation of the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3).

a. Are the masses of reactants and products the same?
b. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
c. Are the total number of atoms in the reactants and the total number of atoms in the products the same?

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes
4. A certain city has an ozone reading of 0.13 ppm for 1 hour, and the permissible limit is 0.12 for that time. You have the choice of reporting that the city has exceeded the ozone limit by 0.01 ppm or saying that it has exceeded the limit by 8%. Compare these two methods of reporting.

Numerically wise, 0.01ppm does not show that there is a significant increase over the permissible limit. However, 8% shows a much more significant and severe increase and that users should be cautious about the increase over the permissible limit.
5. Do pedestrians Inhale Less Pollution than Passengers?

Yes. Pollution is mainly caused by road traffic. Sitting in the car and being in traffic give you greater exposure to the exhausted air and air pollution in the surrounding as compared to pedestrians. Passengers are in closer contact with the pollutants and the cabin is not a protection.
6.

NIL.

SIMBA

ngxi0018
Group 38 Group Name : SIMBA
Group Members :
ROSHINI DEVI D/O MOHAN, LUCIA LIM JIN SHI, NG XIN YI, JENNIFER THOMAS, FOO XIN TING, ANG LEH SHUEN
1. What is the particulate matter? Give three examples of particulate matter found in air. Explain the difference between PM2.5 and PM10 in terms of size and health effects.

A mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets.
Soot, dust, ash.
PM2.5 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 2.5mm or less. It is implicated in heart diseases. It is riskier than PM 10 particles.
PM10 indicates that the diameter of the particles are 10mm or less. It can easily get into lungs.
2a. The concentration of argon in air is approximately 0.9%. Express this value in ppm.
b. The air exhaled from the lungs of a smoker has a concentration of 20–50 ppm CO. In contrast, air exhaled by non-smokers is 0–2 ppm CO. Express each concentration as a percent.
c. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
d. In the dry polar regions, water vapour may be a mere 10 ppm. Express this as a percent.

(a) 0.9/100 = 0.009 = 9 000 ppm
(b) 20 – 50 –> 0.00002 – 0.00005 = 0.002% – 0.005%
0 – 2 ppm –> 0 – 0.000002 = 0% – 0.0002%
(c)50 000 ppm = 0.05 = 5%
(d) 10 ppm –> 0.00001 = 0.001%
3. Consider this representation of the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3).

a. Are the masses of reactants and products the same?
b. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
c. Are the total number of atoms in the reactants and the total number of atoms in the products the same?

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes
4. A certain city has an ozone reading of 0.13 ppm for 1 hour, and the permissible limit is 0.12 for that time. You have the choice of reporting that the city has exceeded the ozone limit by 0.01 ppm or saying that it has exceeded the limit by 8%. Compare these two methods of reporting.

Numerically wise, 0.01 ppm does not show that there is a significant increase over the permissible limit. However, 8% shows a much more severe and significant increase and that users should be cautious about the increase over the permissible limit.
5. Do pedestrians Inhale Less Pollution than Passengers?

Yes. Pollution is mainly caused by road traffic. Sitting in the car and being in traffic gives you greater exposure to the exhausted air and air pollution in the surrounding air compared to pedestrians. Passengers are in closer contact with the pollutants and the cabin is not a protection.
6.

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Group 45

e130168
Group 45 Group Name : Group 45
Group Members :
ONG PEI NING JOCELYN TAN SHIMIN LOH WEIJIN MACS GOH CHIA CHOON VONG CHERNG HAO RICHMOND NEO YU WEI
1. What is the particulate matter? Give three examples of particulate matter found in air. Explain the difference between PM2.5 and PM10 in terms of size and health effects.

Any particle that has a diameter of 10 micrometre or less. It is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets. Three examples of particulate matter are soot, dust and ash. PM 10 can easily get into lungs while PM 2.5 is implicated in heart diseases.
2a. The concentration of argon in air is approximately 0.9%. Express this value in ppm.
b. The air exhaled from the lungs of a smoker has a concentration of 20–50 ppm CO. In contrast, air exhaled by non-smokers is 0–2 ppm CO. Express each concentration as a percent.
c. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
d. In the dry polar regions, water vapour may be a mere 10 ppm. Express this as a percent.

(a) 9000ppm
(b) smoker –> 0.002 – 0.005%
non smoker –> 0 – 0.0002%
(c) 5%
(d) 0.001%
3. Consider this representation of the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3).

a. Are the masses of reactants and products the same?
b. In a tropical rain forest, the water vapour concentration may reach 50,000 ppm. Express this as a percent.
c. Are the total number of atoms in the reactants and the total number of atoms in the products the same?

(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes
4. A certain city has an ozone reading of 0.13 ppm for 1 hour, and the permissible limit is 0.12 for that time. You have the choice of reporting that the city has exceeded the ozone limit by 0.01 ppm or saying that it has exceeded the limit by 8%. Compare these two methods of reporting.

It is better to use 0.01 ppm because not many people know about the unit ppm. Thus people will not be as astonished by the increased in ozone reading. 0.01% also looks smaller than 8.
5. Do pedestrians Inhale Less Pollution than Passengers?

Pedestrians inhale less pollution than passengers.
6.

NIL