Conclusion

In conclusion, one needs to consider the target languages in question before drawing a firm conclusion about the benefits of explicit or implicit training methods. The results by Morgan-Short et al(2012) and the results by Batterink et al (2013) might seem contradictory but it is extremely difficult to draw a direct comparison between the results of the the respective study. Firstly, the former study explores the teaching methods of an artificial language which is not as sophisticated as French, which was used in the latter study. When considering the cognitive effects of learning a second or foreign language, closely studying the neurochemical changes and neural patterns in the brains of the L2 learners is extremely useful in charting the process of learning and developing new methods to achieve native-like fluency in a language. Based on the results of the second study discussed in the cognitive linguistics section, the method of learning a language does not directly affect the cognitive functions of the speakers. The neural mechanisms that are tapped when using  a language is directly affected by the proficiency of the individual in that language. Proficiency can be achieved through different learning pathways and also by allowing the consolidation of the rules of the new language, which occurs when sleeping.