6. Conclusion

So in the end, do birds have language? Research has shown that there are similarities between songbirds and parrots communication and humans, but, they do not use it to the same capacity that humans do. And so, we can only conclude that while the communication systems of songbirds and parrots bear some features of language, language is still an exclusively human property. Still, there is no saying that given time, the communication systems of our feathered friends would not evolve to acquire even more features of language. As Charles Darwin writes in The Descent of Man (1871), “The sounds uttered by birds offer in several respects the nearest analogy to language.”

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