In this post, we examine the various methods of training for speech perception and production for second language learners. Native-like pronunciation and listening comprehension are arguably the most difficult aspects of learning a second language, as shown by the rarity with which learners can attain native-like accents in the second language, and poor performance in listening comprehension tests when initially learning the language.  This post explores factors that complicate second language speech perception and production, and reviews some different methods used to train the understanding and production of speech in a second language. In addition, it evaluates which methods produce more effective results. Finally, it will discuss the real-life implications of these training techniques on second language teaching strategies, limitations of current training methods and research and possible research directions.