“TRULY REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT THAT FUSES DIPLOMATIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY…SETS NEW STANDARDS FOR THE STUDY OF CHINESE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA”
–   2021 HARRY J. BENDA BOOK PRIZE COMMITTEE

 MIGRATION IN THE TIME OF REVOLUTION

CHINA, INDONESIA, AND THE COLD WAR

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Honorable Mention for the Harry J. Benda Book Prize 

Migration in the Time of Revolution is a truly remarkable achievement that fuses diplomatic and social history.  It sets new standards for the study of Chinese in Southeast Asia and models the possibly for research that is truly inter-Asian in scope while contributing to and remaining grounded in Southeast Asian Studies.”              [Read More]

2021 Harry J. Benda Book Prize

Association for Asian Studies

Best Books of 2020

This impressively researched study of Sino-Indonesian relations from 1945 to 1967 links state-to-state diplomacy, party-to-party ties, and the Beijing-Taipei contest for influence, which shaped perceptions of Indonesia’s ethnic Chinese community that persist to this day. [Read More]

Andrew J. Nathan

Foreign Affairs

 

About this book…

 
Migration in the Time of Revolution examines how two of the world’s most populous countries interacted between 1945 and 1967, when the concept of citizenship was contested, political loyalty was in question, identity was fluid, and the boundaries of political mobilization were blurred. Taomo Zhou asks probing questions of this important period in the histories of the People’s Republic of China and Indonesia. What was it like to be a youth in search of an ancestral homeland that one had never set foot in, or an economic refugee whose expertise in private business became undesirable in one’s new home in the socialist state? What ideological beliefs or practical calculations motivated individuals to commit to one particular nationality while forsaking another?
 
As Zhou demonstrates, the answers to such questions about “ordinary” migrants are crucial to a deeper understanding of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Through newly declassified documents from the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives and oral history interviews, Migration in the Time of Revolution argues that migration and the political activism of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia were important historical forces in the making of governmental relations between Beijing and Jakarta after World War II. Zhou highlights the agency and autonomy of individuals whose life experiences were shaped by but also helped shape the trajectory of bilateral diplomacy. These ethnic Chinese migrants and settlers were, Zhou contends, not passively acted upon but actively responding to the developing events of the Cold War. This book bridges the fields of diplomatic history and migration studies by reconstructing the Cold War in Asia as social processes from the ground up.

Indonesian Communist leader D.N. Aidit, his wife Tanti Aidit, the Indonesian Communist Party Politburo member Jusuf Adjitorop with Mao Zedong, August 5, 1965. Photo courtesy of Hersi Setiawan.

Why does this history matter…

“Imported Police and Communist Doctors: China Conspiracy Theories in Indonesia,” Sage House Blog by the Cornell University Press, September 2019.

Fake news and disinformation. Problems that have caused political volatility in many parts of the world also cast a long shadow over Indonesia—the world’s most populous Muslim-majority country and third largest democracy. In the presidential election in May this year, the moderate, incumbent Joko Widodo (Jokowi) won a close race against the hardline, former three-star general Prabowo Subianto. Prabowo supporters contested the election outcome and staged a riot. In the frenzy atmosphere of the election, the anger of the protestors was fueled by online hoaxes. Various conspiracy theories all had one protagonist: The People’s Republic of China (PRC). Chinese migrant workers were given fake Indonesian ID cards that enabled them to vote for Jokowi; a certain tech company from China was put in charge of the electronic balloting counting system, assisting Jokowi with his election fraud; and, after the outbreak of street violence, the Indonesian police deployed against the rioters were soldiers “imported” from the People’s Liberation Army…[Read More]

 

Read an excerpt

“Migration, Identity and Revolution: How the Chinese Shaped Indonesia,” South China Morning Post, November 23, 2019.

On a day in June, 1955, at the Tanjung Priok harbour in Jakarta, 24-year-old Liang Yingming, a second-generation ethnic Chinese from a Cantonese family in Solo, Central Java, was about to leave Indonesia for the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Before his departure, by signing the back of his Indonesian birth certificate, he agreed never to return to Indonesia. This pledge was required by the Indonesian government, which imposed strict restrictions on the re-entry of the ethnic Chinese who had been to the PRC due to fears that they would disseminate Communist ideology.
 
Liang then boarded the ship, where there were over 1,000 Indonesian-born Chinese high school graduates ready to travel to the PRC for higher education. The scene was merry, cheerful, and even celebratory. Waving to his father, who came to send him off, Liang happily exclaimed: “See you in Beijing!” The passengers threw colourful paper streamers towards the shore, which were caught by friends and family. These colourful paper strips, with one end held by those on board and the other by those on the land, tightened and finally broke as the ship started to move…[Read More]

Ethnic Chinese protest during the Indonesian National Revolution. Photo: from an album named ‘Chinese Atrocities’, box 19, folder 11, Niels A. Douwes Dekker Papers, No 3480, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library

Podcasts and Book Talks

Indonesia’s Genocide: New Perspectives 55 Years On

Joint discussion with John Roosa at Columbia University Weatherhead East Asian Institute and Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, October 8, 2020.

Migration in the Time of Revolution: China, Indonesia, and the Cold War

Book talk at the History Department and Center for East Asian Studies, University of Texas, Austin, April 30, 2021.

Cold War 2.0? Rethinking Analogies in US-China Relations

Joint discussion with Lorenz Luthi and Meredith Oyen, Long China-US Institute, University of California, Irvine, September 16, 2020

New Books Networks: Migration in the Time of Revolution 

Podcast interview with Ed Pulford

Talking Indonesia: China, Indonesia and the Cold War

Podcast interview with Charlotte Setijadi

Praises, Reviews and Media Coverage

Based on extensive research in Chinese and Indonesian sources, Migration in the Time of Revolution is the best study of Sino-Indonesian relations during the Cold War in the English language and may well remain so for years to come    [Read More]

Dr Gregg Brazinsky

Professor, The George Washington University, Author of Winning the Third World

Migration in the Time of Revolution is an impressive work of high caliber, and represents a significant contribution to knowledge on modern China, Chinese migration, modern Indonesia and modern Southeast Asia.                              [Read More]

Dr Glen Peterson

Professor, University of British Columbia, Author of Overseas Chinese in the People's Republic of China

By peeling off Cold War imaginings and by looking squarely at local and social conflicts, this book also compels us to think about what anticommunism really was, and, by extension, what the Cold War really was.                                              [Read More]

Dr Hajimu Masuda

Associate Professor, National University of Singapore, Author of Cold War Crucible: The Korean Conflict and the Postwar World

Deeply humanistic, it examines how passion, emotion, and idealism animated state-to-state relations in the Cold War, not least as a result of the actions of individual migrants, refugees and exiles.                    [Read More]

Dr Vannessa Hearman

Senior Lecturer, Curtin University, Author of Unmarked Graves: Death and Survival in the Anti-Communist Violence in East Java, Indonesia

Among the book’s many strengths, Taomo Zhou’s excellent Migration in the Time of Revolution goes a long way toward dispelling the myths foundational to Suharto’s long rule.                                      [Read More]

Dr Christian C. Lentz

Associate Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Author of Contested Territory: Dien Bien Phu and the Making of Northwest Vietnam

A protean and pathbreaking book that will serve as an essential source for new research on the history of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and international relations in Asia  [Read More] 

Dr John Roosa

Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, Author of Buried Histories: The Anticommunist Massacres of 1965-66 in Indonesia

This is a superbly original and incisive study, based on an exceptionally rich and exciting collection of primary sources. Its wide-ranging account of diplomacy and foreign relations as a diverse social process, rather than as just a top-down phenomenon, is particularly welcome and insightful. Professor Zhou’s analysis will become the standard work on PRC-Indonesia relations in the Mao era.     [Read More]

Dr Julia Lovell

Professor, Birkbeck College, University of London, Author of Maoism: A Global History

Migration in the Time of Revolution is well written and would appeal to both general and scholarly audiences. Zhou makes important contributions to the fields of Chinese studies, Asian and Cold War history and migration studies…Migration in the Time of Revolution will likely remain an authoritative work for years to come.                               [Read More]

Dr Reed H. Chervin

University of Colorado Boulder

 

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Find out more about the Bahasa Version of the book

Revolusi, Diplomasi, Diaspora: Tiongkok, Indonesia, Etnik Tionghoa, 1945-1967

[Click here to purchase the Bahasa version]

Ulasan/Reviews

Peluncuran & bedah buku “Revolusi, Diplomasi, Diaspora’ Juli 2019, LIPI

“Ke China, Aku Tak Akan Kembali,” 4 August 2019, DetikNews.”

Ahli sejarah Asia Tenggara dan China modern, Taomo Zhou, menuliskan kisah Liang itu dalam buku Revolusi, Diplomasi, Diaspora: Indonesia, Tiongkok, dan Etnis Tionghoa 1945-1967, yang baru saja diluncurkan di Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Jakarta, Senin, 29 Juli 2019. Bersama Liang, di kapal itu ada lebih dari seribu anak muda Tionghoa lulusan sekolah menengah atas yang lahir di Indonesia.

Kepada Taomo, Liang menggambarkan suasana di dalam kapal. Tak ada cucuran air mata, tak ada teriakan selamat berpisah, dan hanya ada teriakan “Sampai berjumpa di Beijing”. Liang kemudian menjadi guru besar studi internasional di Universitas Peking. “Satu-satunya penyesalan Liang, dia tak pernah melihat ayahnya lagi setelah pindah ke China,” kata Taomo kepada detikX. Ayah Liang tak pernah sempat menyusul ke Beijing karena wafat beberapa tahun kemudian.

Tidak ada angka yang pasti berapa jumlah orang Tionghoa yang masuk dalam gelombang eksodus pertama pada 1949-1951 itu.  Informasi yang dikumpulkan baik pemerintah China di Beijing maupun seterunya di Taipei memperkirakan ada sekitar 630 ribu orang dari sekitar 2,5 juta etnis Tionghoa di Indonnesia. Namun ada juga penelitian yang menyebut pada angka 250-350 ribu orang. [Baca Selengkapnya]

 

Zaimul Haq Elfan Habib, “Melihat Keterlibatan Cina pada G30S/PKI lewat Buku Taomo Zhou,” July 29, 2019.

Sementara itu, Prof A Dahana selaku penerjemah ahli buku itu mengakui buku tersebut merupakan yang pertama mengungkapkan secara langsung percakapan antara Aidit dengan Mao Zedong.

“Dari percakapan ini membuktikan bahwa Aidit mengatakan akan melakukan tindakan yang kemudian menjadi G30S/PKI. Mao mendukung, tapi Mao tidak pernah tahu kapan Aidit akan melakukan itu. Itu menurut buku ini,” katanya.

Buku tersebut, kata Guru Besar Sinologi (Chinese Studi) Universitas Indonesia itu, mampu mengungkap seberapa jauh mengenai keterlibatan China terhadap G30S/PKI.

Diakui dia, selama ini peristiwa G30S/PKI selama ini menjadi kontroversi, khususnya mengenai peran China.

Meskipun sebenarnya, kata Dahana, buku tersebut belum bisa membuka seluruhnya mengenai peran China dalam peristiwa itu. Namun, menjadi terobosan awal bagi peneliti-peneliti selanjutnya.

Penulis buku itu, Taomo Zhou adalah asisten professor pada Jurusan Sejarah, Nanyang Technological University, Singapura, yang ahli dalam bidang Tiongkok modern dan sejarah Asia Tenggara…[Baca Selengkapnya]

Pembahas Prof Asvi Warman Adam, Prof Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Dr Johanes Herlijanto

Peluncuran & bedah buku “Revolusi, Diplomasi, Diaspora’ Juli 2019, LIPI

A. Dahana, “China and the September 30 Movement,” The Jakarta Post, October 1, 2015

Dr. Taomo Zhou’s paper, although only titled ‘China and the 30th September Movement’, discusses broader issues such as China’s military aid to the planned establishment of Indonesia’s fifth force, the potential transfer of nuclear materials and technology, Chinese medical aid to Sukarno and links between Chinese and Indonesian communist parties.

However, according to my reading, the most important part of the paper is the last issue, which is whether China had prior knowledge of the coup plan, and whether China was directly or indirectly involved in the planning and execution of the coup as accused by the New Order government.

Following the accounts of Dr. Zhou, a PhD graduate in history from Cornell University, we now know and realize that Chinese leaders knew about the coup plan, although they apparently did not know exactly when the coup would be launched. As early as August 1965, Aidit and his entourage visited Beijing and talked with Chinese leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi among others. [Read More]