Horizontal Drains
Horizontal drains for controlling groundwater capture, Rahardjo and Leong 2002
Slope model with and without horizontal drain, Rahardjo and Leong 2002
Theoretical effectiveness of horizontal drain in terms of factor of safety with respect to different drain positions, Rahardjo et al 2003
Influence of drain length on stablizing effect of horiziontal drains on residual soil slopes, Santoso et al 2009
References
- Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S. and Hua, C. J. (2011). “Performance of horizontal drains in residual soil slope.” Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, June, 51(3), 437-447. doi | handle
- Santoso, V. A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H. (2009). “Horizontal drains in residual soil slopes.” Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 325-332. handle
- Rahardjo, H., Hritzuk, J. K., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2003). “Effectiveness of horizontal drains for slope stability.” Journal of Engineering Geology, June, 69(3-4), 295-308. doi | handle
- Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2002). “Horizontal drains in unsaturated soil slopes.” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2002, Recife, Brazil, March 10-13, Vol. 2, 773-777.
Negative pore-water pressure, as a crucial part of the stability of residual soil slopes, needs to be maintained in slopes under varying climatic conditions and taken into account in the design. On the other hand, rainwater infiltrating the slope surface contributes to the rise in the groundwater table and to the increase in pore-water pressure. Therefore, it is important to install horizontal drains near the toe of the slope to lower the groundwater table and consequently, to lower the pore-water pressure