Tag Archives: singapore snapshots

Singapore Snapshots – Hannah’s story

Hello everyone!

My name is Hannah, and I grew up in an English-speaking household. My language background is a little different from that of the typical Singaporean’s, as I was exempted from taking ‘Mother Tongue’ classes when I was in primary school. As a result, my exposure to the Chinese language came from my experiences of being sequestered to the back of the classroom with stacks of Chinese workbooks, a class name list, and instructions to check off the names of the pupils who had handed in their homework – by matching the Chinese character names on the workbooks to the name list. This task generally took the better part of the class time and was often fraught with mistakes due to the characters all being incomprehensible and perplexingly similar to my untrained eye.

Despite this rather unconventional childhood exposure to the Chinese language, I still managed to muddle through early life with an understanding of basic, commonly spoken Chinese words and phrases, likely gleaned from kindergarten and the daily conversations of the people around me. This was satisfactory until I entered secondary school when I decided that I wanted to learn more Chinese. In order to achieve this goal, I began listening to Chinese radio stations regularly,  started watching more Chinese television programmes with the subtitles on. This regimen went on for a while with little obvious result until one day, I found that I had understood most of a story that was being told by a radio deejay! I still remember the story till this day, due in equal part to my surprise at having effortlessly comprehended a good stream of conversational mandarin, as well as the unfortunately shocking nature of the story involving accounts of grievous bodily injuries.

Although my second language ability may still pale in comparison to most other Singaporeans’, I am happy to know that I can understand at least a little of another language, as it opens up a whole new world of communication and adds a splash of extra colour to my conversational life. One tiny problem, however, is that I started learning basic French during my undergraduate years, and now find that my brain often accidentally substitutes French words for Chinese ones that I can’t remember on the spot. This can be a tad embarrassing when attempting to order lunch at the local food court by asking the aunty to jia (add, Mandarin) un peu plus (a bit more, French) cai (veg, Mandarin), merci (thank you, French), and being met with bemused confusion.

 

 

Hannah is a PhD candidate at BLIP Lab examining aspects of language learning including statistical learning.

Singapore Snapshots – Lei’s Story

Dà jiā hǎo! Wǒ shì Pān Lěi.

Born in southeastern China, I was raised in a Chinese-speaking household. My parents speak Gan Chinese to each other while speaking Mandarin to me most of the time. During my school-age years (5 to 12), my nanny spoke Cantonese to me. Since my early childhood, I experienced code-switching between two to three languages and was fascinated by the variety of the languages spoken at home and in some communities.

Growing up in Guangdong Shenzhen, which is a city filled with migrants, I came into contact with many different languages and dialects. I quickly developed a passion for learning words in these languages, mainly through conversations with people whom I have met. I would get particularly excited when I came across a new language with phonetic features or syntactic structures that are different from the languages I spoke. This passion led me to examine spoken word recognition in my undergraduate studies and to explore psycholinguistics and language development for my Master’s dissertation, as well as my current PhD thesis.

Besides Mandarin Chinese, Gan Chinese and Cantonese,  I also speak English (began learning in primary school) and Korean (began learning in high school). In order to help words in these foreign languages “stick” in my mind. I joined the film subtitles translation group, where I honed my listening and reading skills in group activities. For now, English is my main language in the workplace and within the world of academia. I can handle basic Korean with my Korean-speaking friends.

 I feel lucky that I grew up and have been experiencing life in multilingual communities as I can have the opportunity to acquire and experience diverse languages and the abundant culture they carry. Imagine if the majority of languages and dialects were not spoken by humans and the whole human race had only one language. Will we still hold on to our culture? How will we identify ourselves? 

 

 

Pan Lei is currently a PhD candidate at BLIP Lab where she examines psycholinguistic similarities and differences among people who speak different languages.

Singapore Snapshots: Jin Yi’s Story

I am a Chinese Malaysian who was born and raised in Singapore. The fun thing, linguistically, about growing up in Singapore but spending a significant amount of time in Malaysia is that you end up being exposed to a much larger range of languages and also to a greater extent. My parents both understand Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, English and Malay and speak all the above languages to different extents, so I grew up hearing a lot of language-mixing: questions can be asked in one language and answered in another. My parents don’t think it’s impressive that they can speak and understand so many Chinese dialects and languages because they have been taught to believe that only “Mandarin” and ‘English” are viable. Please don’t think like that. All languages and dialects are beautiful.

 My father is Cantonese and my mother is Hokkien. The fact that I never picked up Hokkien and started speaking Cantonese as soon as I could speak. I thought it was chalked down to the naturalness of patriarchy, but actually, it was just because no one really spoke Hokkien much around me. I gradually lost the use of Cantonese, though, because of the bilingualism education policy of Singapore, we were only regularly exposed to English and Mandarin. One of the reasons why I enjoy linguistics is that I get to examine how language policies such as the bilingualism education policy of Singapore shapes language beliefs and attitudes. We commonly come across people who think that all Indians in Singapore speak Tamil (not true!), or that Chinese dialects are inferior to “proper” languages (definitely not!). A whole host of Indian languages are spoken here, including Malayalam, Hindi, Punjabi etc.  In fact, Indian children in the Singapore school system can choose to take Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi or Urdu instead of Tamil. Chinese dialects are great and they have vocabularies and grammatical structures are as rich and diverse as Mandarin.   

I learnt Japanese in school because I was interested in Japanese culture and art. I even started learning Arabic for fun!  Based on my personal experience, I think it is great to let your child learn other languages. My mother was somewhat concerned about letting me learn a third language before I was in my teens because she thought it would confuse me. I suppose she must also have viewed herself as confused because as mentioned, she was speaking at least four languages by the time she was 10.  When exposed to more than one language, your child might mix up some parts of languages here and there, but don’t worry! Very often, they are just piecing information together to figure out the patterns of each language. Their developing brains are hard at work!   

In our lab, we are currently running the Baby Talk-a-thon project for us to find out more about the diversity in language environments of Singaporean children. Perhaps like me growing up, your child is hearing a whole host of languages now from their different caregivers! If you’re interested to find out more, click here

 

Jin Yi is a Research Assistant at BLIP lab who is working on the language mixes project.

Singapore Snapshots: Shaza’s Story

 

Ni bu xiang chi fan ma?

If you’re not a Mandarin speaker, have you ever wanted to know what your friends are saying? Maybe it’s the kaypoh Singaporean self in me—but I’ve always been curious. Of course, we all might know the basic Mandarin words because of how they’re inserted in our everyday use of Singlish—like hao or mei you—but when they speak in full sentences, my ears feel itchy and I simply must know what they’re talking about.

When I noticed that my university was offering Mandarin as an elective, I immediately took up the opportunity to learn. And I never regretted a second of it! (My friends even asked if I was studying Psychology or Chinese because of the amount of effort I’m putting into the latter—oops.) I’m also currently learning Korean and Japanese by myself, besides having learnt Arabic since primary school, French during my diploma course, and having Malay as my Mother Tongue language (if my grandmother were still alive, maybe I would’ve picked up Javanese too! My mom only ever uses it when she’s scolding us.)

I guess language has always been interesting to me  as I enjoy meeting new people. For me, it’s a tool that closes the gap between people who come from a different linguistic background. Plus, it’s fun! Knowing languages came in handy while I was studying in Australia because I made a lot of friends through attending language classes and through speaking in others’ languages while playing badminton—besides, I love how surprised my friends are when I say tasukete onegaishimasu [please help me] or i noraega neomu johda [I love this song] when they least expected it. (Although my friend did ask me—teasingly—to stop speaking to him in Mandarin because my pronunciation was so bad.)

While English can be used as a common language with most people these days,  I still find that communicating with others in their mother tongue bridges people together on a deeper level. Maybe it’s because I would feel the same way too if someone starts talking to me in Malay! It’s like language is a part of my identity, and when someone shows that they’re familiar with that part of me, I naturally feel comfortable around them 🙂

Singapore Snapshots: Defu’s story

I was raised in a Mandarin-speaking household. At a very young age, I learnt Math from my parents in Mandarin. In school, I realised the advantage of bilingual mathematical thinking: Mandarin numerals, fractions and certain operations are more concrete so I can solve problem sets easily by Google translating my early Math problems to Mandarin. I sometimes wonder if I count predominantly in Mandarin or English.

 

I deeply appreciate the affordance of our multilingual inventory to promote closeness. When we converse with close friends or the elderly, our language becomes a rojak (1) of multiple languages, as if to signal our shared linguistic and cultural identity. As we intentionally (or implicitly) relate to one another with an “imperfect” form of English, we feel a deep sense of connection. And who hasn’t resorted to a small dose of diglossic magic (2) with an aunty to request a favour? It feels as though the proportion of Mandarin, Hokkien, Malay and Tamil we use in our “English” conversation correlates with how closely we identify with our interlocutors (3).

 

The ease of coordinating multiple languages in a meaningful stream of conversation never hit home until I moved to the United States for my graduate studies. I was not aware of the ease I have been code switching, and the burden on the listener to comprehend my message. I doubt I will ever forget the look of awe and frustration on my friends’ faces when we first met. They could never understand how Singaporeans could form a cryptic sentence with 5 languages! Conversely, I have also found the lack of translation-equivalents frustrating. There are some emotions that cannot be captured perfectly with a translated English word or phrase!

 

Dr Defu Yap is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the BLIP Lab, working on links between the senses and education-related topics.
(1) rojak (n.) ‘mix’
(2) diglossic (adj.) of, or pertaining to the use of two or more linguistic systems
see also. diglossic magic – switching between systems like a boss!
(3) interlocutor (n.) a fancy way of saying, ‘the people we are talking to’

Singapore Snapshots: Han’s story

Hello world!

I’m Han and I’m from China. So obviously I speak Mandarin as my native language. As most of the Chinese kids in the 90s, I learnt English from secondary school, but it was typical dumb English. Also around teenage years, I became a fan of Japanese manga, movies and literature, so I started to pick up some basic Japanese. After I went to a Japanese language school, and joined a Japanese publisher as an editor, Japanese formally became my second language (or say, third language, but there has been a long while that my Japanese was far better than my English). Cantonese is another dialect that I picked up when I was working in the Guangdong province. After 5 years of my life living in the UK, English took back the proper secondary position of all my languages, dominating my work and over half of my social life.

Languages provide me pathways towards different cultures. For example, understanding and speaking Cantonese brought the Cantonese culture and local environment closer to me. When traveling around Japan, being able to talk to local people fluently helped me enjoy my trip. I always feel so amazed when sitting in a public space, and randomly heard any of these four languages popping into my ears. That makes me feel like an information gathering spot.

Apart from all the convenience in communication, being multilingual also inspires me the link between language and the way people think and behave. As a language I use most during my academic training and at work, when using English, I’m more logical, certain, and feel more strong and direct. While Japanese as a language famous in being vague, it makes me feel soft or even more feminine. I also find it very interesting to experience how second languages work different with native language in my brain. Particularly when I have difficulty quickly switching between two of my non-native languages. I guess that’s how I ended up as a researcher looking at language and brain.

Dr Ke Han is a Post-doctoral Research Fellow in the BLIP Lab working on EEG of babies’ language development.

Singapore Snapshots: Fei Ting’s story

Do you find yourself thinking or acting differently when you speak in a different language?

My sister cringes each time she hears me converse in Korean with my friends. She says I speak in a way higher pitch and start adapting to their accent even for English words which pop up every now and again (because my Korean vocabulary is limited).

‘You do speak English, you know. And you definitely do not sound like that.’

In linguistic terms, my behaviour may be explained by the Communication Accommodation Theory where I adjust my linguistic behaviour to match or mimic my conversation partners (in this case, my Korean friends). Such changes may be done consciously or unconsciously, and may be a marker of group identity.  I guess learning Korean as a third/fourth(?) language later on in life makes me desire to be accepted as a speaker of the language by native speakers.

Besides Korean, I speak English, Mandarin and Cantonese. I am also proud to be fluent in Singlish. I even wrote a research paper on the Singlish term ‘ownself’, which is a unique expression, known formally as a ‘self-reflexive marker’.

Example: This blog post I ownself write

Meaning: I wrote this blog post by myself.

With unique words like ‘ownself’ in the Singapore lexicon, I definitely find myself adjusting the level of “Singlish-ness” in my speech depending on who I am speaking to — Another instance of the Communicative Accommodation Theory at play!

Singlish is a beautiful contact language which underwent some similar development phases as other creoles in the world albeit at a much faster rate. Like other languages in the world, it is constantly evolving and its speakers are constantly developing new vocabulary.

I am fascinated by the use of Singlish/local terms by caregivers with young children and many of these terms are unique “baby-talk” that makes up young Singaporean children’s vocabulary. In order to find out more about the local “baby-talk”, we will be launching our survey soon. If you are interested, please sign up here

Fei Ting (carrying her godson) is a research associate at the BLIP lab, currently working on the Baby Talk-a-thon and Red-dot Baby Talk.

Singapore Snapshots: Preeti’s story

My name is Preeti. I am a Singaporean who has lived in Singapore and Australia. I come from the Telugu community, which is small in Singapore, and the language is not widely spoken. There are many Singaporean families who speak various Indian languages such as Malayalam, Hindi, Bengali, Urdu and Kannada. However, not all these languages were available to study at school in the past. English is the main language of the school system, and I also learnt how to speak Tamil in my primary and secondary schools years. Tamil has always been my second language since then, and  I enjoy speaking in Tamil with my friends and family. I regularly watch Tamil programs as they are shown daily on the Vasantham channel. One can also watch Tamil movies in the cinema, where English words and concepts also feature. Nowadays, there are more educational institutions to support diverse languages like Telugu.

Recently, I enrolled for a basic conversational Mandarin course at the Serangoon Community Centre for beginners. Learning Mandarin was challenging. Learning a new language was easier for me when I was young.  When I am speaking in Tamil, my voice can go up and down without changing the meaning of a word, but this is different for Mandarin! The tones of Mandarin mean that if my voice goes up when it is meant to go down, I might accidentally say a completely different word! This means it was difficult to remember the exact sounds of the Chinese words.

Even so, Mandarin is very useful in Singapore. Once, an older auntie approached me at the MRT station – she needed help updating her travel card, but she only spoke Chinese. Luckily, I was able to help her, since I could speak some Mandarin. Even though it is hard to pick up another language as an adult, it is a nice feeling when my efforts allow me to help another person!

Preeti is a Research Associate in the BLIP Lab, working on the Singapore Talk-a-thon as part of the Language-Mixes Project

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Today, for the International Day of Multilingualism we’ll be sharing lots of stories about multilingualism in Singapore – what it’s like to grow up in such a multilingual place, how different people feel about their different languages, and some of the core research questions we are working on as a team.

Singapore Snapshots: Eshwaaree’s story

Hello! I’m Eshwaaree. I come from a Singaporean English-Tamil speaking background at home and have always enjoyed learning and reading languages. When I was little, my parents’ focus was on me acquiring a good grasp of English and Tamil. However both my parents are also fluent in Malay! My dad was born in Malacca and had to learn Malay in school while he spoke Tamil at home. My mum picked up conversational Malay from her parents and neighbours in Singapore in accordance with true kampung* spirit, a sense of community and living style that Singaporeans shared, especially in the past.

As for me, as fluent as I am in English and Tamil, I mixed around so much with friends of other backgrounds such as Chinese and Malay, which is impossible not to do as a Singaporean with our wonderful mixing pot of people coming from at least four different ethnicities. As a result, I have come to be able to recognize and understand and even sometimes speak simple Chinese and Malay words.

It is truly fascinating when I think about it, that regardless of age, the surroundings one is in allows you to pick up different languages even at a basic conversational level. I see Singaporeans of all backgrounds, all ages and all walks of life recognizing and using words of varying languages be it conversations between friends, or daily activities like ordering food. It indeed seems like in Singapore every day is a Multilingualism Day!

*kampung: ‘village’ – When we imagine a traditional kampung we think of clusters of small timber houses with palm-leaved or corrugated zinc roofs.

Eshwaaree is a Research Assistant in the BLIP Lab, working on the Singapore Talk-a-thon as part of the Language-Mixes Project

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Today, for the International Day of Multilingualism we’ll be sharing lots of stories about multilingualism in Singapore – what it’s like to grow up in such a multilingual place, how different people feel about their different languages, and some of the core research questions we are working on as a team.

Singapore Snapshots: Wai Tung’s Story

The main languages I speak at home with my five-year-old boy are English and Mandarin. In Chinese-speaking households, language mixes in Singapore homes might include different Chinese dialects, for example, Hokkien, Teochew, and Cantonese. For example, from time to time, my child hears Cantonese from my Cantonese-speaking mum, and hears Hainanese from my Hainanese-speaking in-laws. He can speak a few phrases in both dialects, usually revolving around greetings and food.

Official language data in Singapore tends to collect people’s usage of English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil, which are the official languages in Singapore. This means that we do not know much about the use of Chinese dialects in Singapore households. However, the diverse language context that my boy hears at home is probably just one of many examples! This means that studies on multilingualism in Singapore might be missing out information about “unofficial” languages.

One way to collect rich information about the languages spoken at home would be to use audio recording of children’s interactions with their caregivers. This is something really exciting that BLIP lab is working on right now…

In our new talk-a-thon 500 families will be invited to help us develop a new kind of baby monitor – one that can figure out which language is which! With more information about how different families speak their different languages to their kids, we can understand more about multilingual learning. BLIP lab wants to bring this information together to help Singaporean children with their language learning. You can find out more or or sign up for children below the age of five.

Wai Tung is a Masters Student in BLIP Lab working on phonological systems and reading in Singapore.